[28], Heavy-handed operationssuch as random cordons and searches, large-scale and lengthy detentions of innocent civilians, and excessive use of firepowerhad a negative effect on the civilian population. The concept may have been an American one, but the execution and adaptation were entirely Vietnamese. Hoi Chanhs were usually far more reliable than other prisoners, although many VC guerrillas and North Vietnam Army (NVA) soldiers also provided useful information on VCI targets. It would be largely based on what you see in this particular unit here, he says, referring to the modular apartments now known as The Phoenix House. Traveling by train from Eugene to Phoenix usually takes 37 hours and 45 minutes, but the fastest Amtrak train can make the trip in 37 hours and 30 minutes. He introduced himself and told me he would be taking me to his headquarters. Jobs at OYA. Mr. Chaus second innovation was the creation of what he called Counter-Terror teams, a precursor to Phuong Hoang. A few never surrendered and continued to fight the Vietnamese communists and their southern allies. Until then, my perceptions of the Viet Cong had been shaped by the broad strokes and generalities of the Western press. 99 N. Find the travel option that best suits you. We wanted them to feel special here, to know that somebody cared.. I really see a need for this for women, especially unsheltered women who are coming out of treatment, says Roxann OBrien, SVdPs Director of Homeless & Emergency Services. Weekly Camps at Civic Park & Pop-Up Neighborhood Camps & August Sport-Specific Camps. close. Although Mr. Chau spoke English with a heavy accent, he could present his ideas about counterinsurgency in a plain and common-sensical manner, which made him popular with American advisers. [31], Military intelligence officer K. Barton Osborne reports that he witnessed "the use of the insertion of the 6-inch dowel into the canal of one of my detainee's ears, and the tapping through the brain until dead. Vietnamese National Police agent reports were equally worthless to the Tay Ninh PRU, and in some cases, dangerously inaccurate. PRU units often anticipated resistance in disputed areas, and often operated on a shoot-first basis. The members of the PRU also were masters in camouflage, concealment, and night movement. In the darkest days of the Vietnam War, America's Central Intelligence Agency secretly initiated a sweeping program of kidnap, torture, and . From September 1969 to June 1970, the Tay Ninh PRU killed 31 VCI and captured 64--at a cost of only two PRU members killed and two wounded. ^^, "The sources that were uniformly inaccurate were the agent reports developed by US military intelligence units. Additional terms apply. +, After some complains a series of U.S. Congressional hearings on the Phoenix Program were held. Phoenix tried to address this problem by establishing monthly neutralization quotas, but these often led to fabrications or, worse, false arrests. Viewed23hoursago. [46] One of the first people to criticize Phoenix publicly was Ed Murphy, a peace activist and former military intelligence soldier, in 1970. Phoenix Inn Suites Eugene Eugene, OR, US - Reservations.com The next step, he says, would be to start production of multi-bedroom, multi-bath quint or quad units to serve programs providing transitional housing for unsheltered people throughout the state. If a suspected NLF member was found guilty, he or she could be held in prison for two years, with renewable two-year sentences totaling up to six years. Thank you in advance for your interest and willingness to share your time and talents with us. A new sober-living house for women 18 and older who are completing addiction treatment and lacking permanent housing, The Phoenix House is a program of St. Vincent de Paul Society of Lane County located at SVdP's Hub Campus, 717 Hwy. By most accounts, however--including those of Vietnamese communists--Phoenix (which ended in 1971) and other pacification programs drove the VCI so far underground that it was unable to operate effectively. 296 ratings31 reviews. 87 percent of those killed in the program were attributed to conventional military operations by South Vietnamese and American forces; the remainder were killed by Phoenix Program operatives. While Mr. Chau hoped that residents would provide this intelligence voluntarily, his overriding goal was to acquire the information needed to expose and destroy the enemys clandestine networks. Theres a lot of excitement around this., This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, Copyright 2023 - All Rights Reserved | Website Design by, Regional Housing Rehabilitation Loan Program, Valley Individual Development Accounts (VIDA), Bid Opportunities for Housing Development, RHRP rehabilitates housing and well-being. ), A Retrospective on Counterinsurgency Operations, The Tay Ninh Provincial Reconnaissance Unit and Its Role in the Phoenix Program, 1969-70, CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence ^^], "The lists were sent to various Phoenix field forces. Whether you're traveling for business or pleasure, solo or with the whole family, you'll enjoy . [35], Phoenix operations often aimed to assassinate targets, or resulted in their deaths through other means. Many of the prisoners held at the PIC provided accurate and timely information on VCI personalities and activities. Since the province chief and his key subordinates and US advisers met almost daily, this requirement never really was an impediment to successful use of the PRU. Most agents were paid for their information in a piecework fashion, and this led to the manufacture of a large volume of worthless reports. Several North Vietnamese officials have made statements about the effectiveness of Phoenix. In 1970, for example, communist officials near Da Nang in northern South Vietnam instructed their assassins to "kill 1,400 persons" deemed to be government "tyrant[s]" and to "annihilate" anyone involved with the pacification program. Thus CORDS, while working on village defense and civic action programs--the latter included land reform, infrastructure building, and economic development--also devoted considerable resources to rooting out the VCI. After a 30-minute flight north from Tan Son Nhut Air Base, I saw the famous Nui Ba Den (Black Virgin Mountain) rising out of the flat surrounding plain that constituted most of the province. Enrollment / Home - Phoenix Union High School District Find best cheap to flights from Eugene to Phoenix today! The fleeting quality of Mr. Chaus achievements was revealed after his departure from Kien Hoa, when Communist forces quickly recovered most of the territory and population they had lost. Cheap Flights from Eugene to Phoenix - Trip.com If your plan doesn't cover our program, or if you're uninsured, we'll work directly with you to find a solution. Between 1968 and 1972, Phoenix "neutralized" 81,740 people suspected of NLF membership, of whom 26,369 were killed. St. Vincent de Paul Society of Lane County (SVdP), Jun 19, 2023 | Affordable Housing, Emergency Assistance, New Developments, Self-Sufficiency, Uncategorized. Yet Mr. Chau himself often noted that such gains counted for very little if local residents could not be persuaded to identify with the government and its claims to national sovereignty a goal that proved exceedingly difficult in South Vietnam during the mid-1960s. Phoenix operations often aimed to assassinate targets, or resulted in their deaths through other means. But a vast majority of Phoenix personnel soldiers, interrogators and analysts were Vietnamese. Viet Cong gave me fresh insight into the connections between the VCI and Communist Party of North Vietnam and their organizational and operational procedures. In 1950, he defected to the French-backed anti-Communist government. ^^, Early the next morning, I was picked up at the hotel once more and driven to the PRU headquarters and again ushered up to the second floor office. ), A Retrospective on Counterinsurgency Operations, The Tay Ninh Provincial Reconnaissance Unit and Its Role in the Phoenix Program, 1969-70, CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence ^^], Phoenix was one of several pacification and rural security programs that CIA ran in South Vietnam during the 1960s. CIA and MACV were intensely involved in CORDS, which was run in conjunction with the Saigon government. It all starts with a call. expand_more. There may be something out there like it, but Ive never seen anything else like it, says SVdP Executive Director Terry McDonald in describing this so-called quint configuration of five apartments under one roof in a factory-built modular unit. The South Vietnamese program was called Phng Hong, after a mythical bird that appeared as a sign of prosperity and luck. Exploring the South Vietnamese role in Phoenix offers alternative perspectives on its origins and significance. McDonald has overseen many innovative housing projects in his 50 years with SVdP. The major two components of the program were Provincial Reconnaissance Units (PRUs) and regional interrogation centers. USMC, 1st Force Reconnaissance Company stationed near Da Nang. The Phoenix Treatment program provides a safe therapeutic community for youth that assists them to develop the skills necessary to live successfully in the treatment community and to provide effective support and transition services that facilitate their successful return to the community of origin. Sometimes they'd come back to camp with ears to prove that they killed people. " The Phoenix House is located at St. Vincent de Paul's Hub Campus, 717 Hwy. However, another program of a similar nature, code-named "F-6", was initiated as Phoenix was phased out. +, The Phoenix Program was part of CORDS. DeSilva was a proponent of a military strategy known as counter-terrorism, which encompasses military tactics and techniques that government, military, law enforcement, and intelligence agencies use to combat or prevent terrorist activities, and that it should be applied strategically to "enemy civilians" in order to reduce civilian support for the VC. ^^, "After a short ride in his jeep, we arrived at a stately but nondescript villa not far from the Presidential Palace. Situated in Harlow, Phoenix Hotel Eugene is conveniently close to a variety of Oregon landmarks. It's not like you had their address and telephone number. Local leaders who continued to refuse to cooperate or threatened to contact the Saigon government were murdered along with their families. Prevent homelessness. [Source: Wikipedia +], In his paper for the CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, Colonel Andrew R. Finlayson of the U.S. Marine Corps wrote: "While my experience in Tay Ninh does not necessarily represent the experience of other PRU advisers and their units, I can say confidently that the Tay Ninh PRU was successful during my tour. The cheapest way to get from Eugene to Phoenix costs only $143, and the quickest way takes just 2 hours. In many cases, Phung Hoang chiefs were incompetent bureaucrats who used their positions to enrich themselves. ), A Retrospective on Counterinsurgency Operations, The Tay Ninh Provincial Reconnaissance Unit and Its Role in the Phoenix Program, 1969-70, CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence ^^], On gathering intelligence, Colonel Andrew R. Finlayson of the U.S. Marine Corps wrote: Thanks to the introduction of systems associated with CORDS, the Tay Ninh PRU in theory had a wide array of intelligence sources available to it. C. Phung Hoang (PHOENIX) 1968 Goals 1. Methods of torture used at the interrogation centers included: "Rape, gang rape, rape using eels, snakes, or hard objects, and rape followed by murder; electric shock ('the Bell Telephone Hour') rendered by attaching wires to the genitals or other sensitive parts of the body, like the tongue; the 'water treatment'; the 'airplane' in which the prisoner's arms were tied behind the back, and the rope looped over a hook on the ceiling, suspending the prisoner in midair, after which he or she was beaten; beatings with rubber hoses and whips; the use of police dogs to maul prisoners." Cheap Flights from Eugene to Phoenix | United Airlines Sales: 541-255-3930; Hertz Car Sales Idaho Falls Latitude: 43.512012481689446 Longitude: -112.00164794921876. PRUs would kill or capture suspected VC members, as well as civilians who were thought to have information on VC activities. Much of it was sourced through St. Vinnies resale relationships with name-brand retailers. These include Motivational Interviewing, Multi-Systemic Therapy, Oregon Social Learning Centers Multi-dimensional Treatment Foster Care, and group skill building that focuses on skill training and practice that extends into the overall milieu of the Phoenix treatment program. Open enrollment enables Arizona students to attend a public school whether or not they live within the school or district boundaries. The information extracted at the centers was then given to military commanders, who would use it to task the PRU with further capture and assassination missions. After Phoenix Program abuses began receiving negative publicity, the program was officially shut down. The CIA claimed that through Phoenix they were able to learn the identity and structure of the VCI in every province. Indeed, the program did not merely collect intelligence on the Vietcong infrastructure. It compiled detailed information on every resident of every hamlet and village in which the program operated information that included data about kinship ties, political and religious affiliations and property ownership. ^^, Abuses were common. Consequently, the military command in Vietnam issued a directive that reiterated that it had based the anti-VCI campaign on South Vietnamese law, that the program was in compliance with the laws of land warfare, and that U.S. personnel had the responsibility to report breaches of the law. Then that night Phoenix would come back, knock on the door, and say, "April Fool, motherfucker." [23] According to William Colby, "in the years since 1975, I have heard several references to North and South Vietnamese communists who state that, in their mind, the toughest period that they faced from 1960 to 1975 was the period from 1968 to '72 when the Phoenix Program was at work. Oregon Youth Authority : Welcome Page : State of Oregon ^^, "In addition, these maps would often contain the names of family members who were VCI members or sympathetic to the communists. Cheap Flights from Eugene to Phoenix (EUG-PHX) Prices were available within the past 7 days and start at $94 for one-way flights and $188 for round trip, for the period specified. Transitional housing is temporary housing for the working homeless population and is set up to transition their residents to permanent housing. Then that night Phoenix would come back, knock on the door, and say, 'April Fool, motherfucker.' The 1,890-square-foot doublewide floor plan includes five bedrooms, each with its own bathroom; the pairing of two residents per room will help foster the personal accountability central to most recovery programs. NLF members would then be neutralized (captured, converted, or killed). This intimate knowledge of the VCI led to many highly accurate operational leads and the elimination of several important VCI cadres during my tour there. Join us for Coffee and Vino with Vinnies. Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook and Twitter (@NYTopinion), and sign up for the Opinion Today newsletter. Meaning that, after you graduate and obtain the necessary licenses and credentials, you can legally practice Respiratory Care. To remedy these problems, Mr. Chau devised the Census-Grievance program. There are many ways to help people in need through St. Vincent de Paul. com, Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, CIA World Factbook, Comptons Encyclopedia, The Guardian, National Geographic, Smithsonian magazine, The New Yorker, Time, Newsweek, Reuters, AP, AFP, Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic Monthly, The Economist, Global Viewpoint (Christian Science Monitor), Foreign Policy, Wikipedia, BBC, CNN, Fox News and various websites, books and other publications identified in the text. Flights from Eugene, OR, to Phoenix | Southwest Airlines Yet Mr. Chau also believed that the senior leadership of the C.I.A. In late December 1967, the government of South Vietnam announced a reorganization of its war effort against the countrys Communist insurgency. His instructions to field officers stated "Our training emphasizes the desirability of obtaining these target individuals alive and of using intelligent and lawful methods of interrogation to obtain the truth of what they know about other aspects of the VCI [U.S. personnel] are specifically not authorized to engage in assassinations or other violations of the rules of land warfare. Get Started 1 (866) 484-8218. The units also possessed PRC-25 radios, 7-by-50 binoculars, medical kits, 4-by-4 Toyota -ton trucks, and Honda motorcycles. Flights from Eugene, OR (EUG) to Phoenix (PHX) Book flights from Eugene, OR, to Phoenix with Southwest Airlines . When the police unit arrived, I greeted its commander, a US military officer dressed in black pajamas and armed with an assortment of unusual weapons, including a Chinese AK-47 assault rifle and a Browning 9-mm automatic pistol. Like his American counterparts, Mr. Chau promoted what is now known as population-centric counterinsurgency an approach that emphasizes the protection and control of civilian populations. Metro Tech High School: 602-764-8000 ( Metro Tech High School application) North High Schoo l: 602-764-6500. Fax In 1967, as part of CORDS, the Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program (ICEX) was created. Eugene to Phoenix Train - Amtrak Tickets $255 | Wanderu Another source of intelligence that was often productive, but time consuming to exploit and difficult to process, was the vast store of data collected by Census Grievance teams during 1963-64. [12][13] The VCI chose small rural villages because they lacked close supervision of the Saigon government or the South Vietnamese Army[14], VCI tactics in establishing local communist control began by identifying towns and villages with strategic importance to either the Viet Cong or NVA and local populations with communist sympathies with the Hanoi government putting a great deal of emphasis on the activities and success of the VCI. 541-682-7933 Moreover, Mr. Chau later recalled, the governments intelligence system was almost a joke because it depended on informants who had served the state for years and who were often fed disinformation by the enemy. MACV claimed that Phoenix and the US military's response to the Tet Offensive, along with other rural security, and militia programs, had eliminated upwards of 80,000 VCI through defection, detention, or death. expand_more. To avoid abuses such as phony accusations for personal reasons, or to rein in overzealous officials who might not be diligent enough in pursuing evidence before making arrests, the laws required three separate sources of evidence to convict an individual targeted for neutralization. Round trip. [2][3][4][5] The CIA described it as "a set of programs that sought to attack and destroy the political infrastructure of the Viet Cong. A shocking expos of the covert CIA program of widespread torture, rape, and murder of civilians during America's war in Vietnam, with a new introduction by the author. In our work in real estate development, renovation and maintenance, and service provision, St. Vincent de Paul periodically contracts with outside vendors in our community. About Working for OYA. Kidsports - All Kids Play According to Valentine, methods of torture that were utilized at the interrogation centers included: Rape, gang rape, rape using eels, snakes, or hard objects, and rape followed by murder; electrical shock (the Bell Telephone Hour) rendered by attaching wires to the genitals or other sensitive parts of the body, like the tongue; the water treatment; the airplane, in which a prisoners arms were tied behind the back and the rope looped over a hook on the ceiling, suspending the prisoner in midair, after which he or she was beaten; beatings with rubber hoses and whips; and the use of police dogs to maul prisoners. US military district advisers could channel operational leads to district PRU units for exploitation. As a result, training was uneven and so was performance. Colonel Andrew R. Finlayson of the U.S. Marine Corps wrote: Although Phoenix was run and ostensibly controlled by the Saigon government, CIA funded and administered it. The premise of pacification was that if peasants were persuaded that the government of South Vietnam and the United States were sincerely interested in protecting them from the Viet Cong and trained them to defend themselves, then large areas of the South Vietnamese countryside could be secured or won back from the enemy without direct engagement by the US military. They were special paramilitary forces that were originally developed in 1964 by the government of South Vietnam and CIA. Starting from. Book with cash. Phoenix to Eugene Flights. These Americans particularly liked Mr. Chaus insistence that it was possible to conduct counterinsurgency in a humane and ethical way, and to minimize collateral damage to civilian lives and property. Willamette Family Inc. In this regard, the program was less benign and more coercive than its promoters acknowledged. The Phoenix Program: America's Use of Terror in Vietnam Everything from local agent reports to national-level intelligence could in theory be funneled to them via the system of District Intelligence and Operations Coordination Centers (DIOCCs). Either way, you've come to the right place. ^^, "After the fall of Saigon in April 1975, the lives of Tay Ninh PRU members changed dramatically for the worse. 2727 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. As a result they tended to rely heavily on surprise and ambush to achieve decisive results. After landing at Tan Son Nhut Air Base in Saigon and reporting to the liaison office, I was told to go to the Duc Hotel, register, and await instructions. [Source: Colonel Andrew R. Finlayson, USMC (Ret. Training. [19][20][21], The interrogation centers and PRUs were developed by the CIA's Saigon station chief Peer de Silva. Many of the programs activities were carried out by single operational units as part of the larger, country-wide action element of the Phoenix program--the Provincial Reconnaissance Units (PRUs). The 1968 Tet offensive showed the importance of the NLF infrastructure, and the military setback for the US made it politically more palatable for the new program to be implemented. The program was controversial because the antiwar movement and critical scholars in the United States and elsewhere portrayed it as an unlawful and immoral assassination program targeting civilians. The Phoenix program would become one of the most controversial aspects of Americas war in Vietnam. Most PRU members were highly experienced combat veterans, who had survived many years in elite combat units before coming to the PRU, but a few had received only rudimentary field training or had served in noncombat units. Dr. Eugene M. Kim is a colon and rectal surgeon in Phoenix, Arizona and is affiliated with Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix. The Phoenix House; Second Chance Renter's Education; Valley Individual Development Accounts (VIDA) . Then a Phoenix team would take the informant, put a sandbag over his head, poke out two holes so he could see, put commo wire around his neck like a long leash, and walk him through the village and say, "When we go by Nguyen's house scratch your head." Help a veteran. [7], Throughout the program, Phoenix "neutralized" 81,740 people suspected of VC membership, of whom 26,369 were killed, and the rest surrendered or were captured. [14] After VCI agents took control of an area it would be used to quarter and resupply Viet Cong guerrillas, supplying intelligence on US and South Vietnamese military movements, providing taxes to VCI cadres, and conscripting locals into the Viet Cong. +, In his paper for the CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, Colonel Andrew R. Finlayson of the U.S. Marine Corps wrote: "Critics of US involvement in Vietnam claimed that the PRUs were nothing more than assassination teams, yet only 14 percent of the VCI killed under Phoenix were killed by PRUs. Info & Registration Phoenix Program School in Eugene, Oregon (OR) Juvenile Justice Center Eugene, OR 97401 County: Lane Grade span: 8 - 12 Phone: (541) 687-3360 (make sure to verify first before calling) Show street view No street view available for this location. He reported that there were only six local VC cadre left in the province to manage the province's affairs. Those on a list were arrested or captured for interrogation, or if they resisted, they were killed. expand_more. and individual Americans in the program. After a few hours, a Vietnamese officer wearing dark sunglasses, a tiger-striped camouflage uniform, and a grim smile met me in the hotel lobby. By 1970, communist plans repeatedly emphasized attacking the governments pacification program and specifically targeted Phoenix officials. ^^, The PRUs became probably the most controversial element of Phoenix. That figure lies on the high end of estimates, all of which were dependent on statistics of varying reliability. Colonel in the Vietnamese Army, he spoke good English and proved to be a capable, confident, and well-respected leader. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. In garrison at their district headquarters, the men wore civilian clothes; in the field they wore tiger-stripe camouflage uniforms or black pajamas. The new sober-living house serves unsheltered womencoming out ofaddiction treatment. Most of these PRU members were natives of the provinces in which they served.) They saw it as a significant threat to the viability of the revolution because, to the extent that you could carve out the shadow government, their means of control over the civilian population was dealt a death blow. Eugene - Phoenix / Mesa Lowest fares from From to To July 2023 From $ 131* Seen: 12 hrs ago One-way August 2023 From $ 60* Seen: 6 hrs ago One-way September 2023 From $ 53* Seen: 7 hrs ago One-way October 2023 Like the mythical bird that inspired its name, The Phoenix House will represent renewal and restoration providing a place where unsheltered women, striving to sustain sobriety, can find peace and stability as they ascend from the ashes of addiction. Bid Opportunities for Housing Development, Copyright 2023 - All Rights Reserved | Website Design by, Regional Housing Rehabilitation Loan Program, Valley Individual Development Accounts (VIDA), RHRP rehabilitates housing and well-being.
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