Los Angeles Administrative Code 24.31 et seq. Immigrants from Asia for example, have formed a number of significant Buddhist congregations making the city home to the greatest variety of Buddhists in the world. Los Angeles City Charter 471, Ordinance Provisions [304] La Opinin is the city's major daily Spanish-language paper. City Charter, Rules, and Codes | City of Los Angeles At one time, the Los Angeles area hosted two NFL teams: the Rams and the Raiders. Other major nearby commercial airports include: One of the world's busiest general-aviation airports is also in Los Angeles: Van Nuys Airport (IATA: VNY, ICAO: KVNY). EPA Alumni Association. In addition, there are numerous departments and appointed officers such as the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), the Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD), the Los Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT), the Los Angeles Public Library (LAPL), the Los Angeles Department of Public Works (LADPW), and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP). [39] On September 4, 1781, a group of forty-four settlers known as "Los Pobladores" founded the pueblo (town) they called El Pueblo de Nuestra Seora la Reina de los ngeles, 'The Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels'. Surrounding the city are much higher mountains. A Mayor, City Controller, and City Attorney are elected by City residents every four years. After 21 seasons in St. Louis, on January 12, 2016, the NFL announced the Rams would be moving back to Los Angeles for the 2016 NFL season with its home games played at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum for four seasons. Many varieties of Judaism are represented in the greater Los Angeles area, including Reform, Conservative, Orthodox, and Reconstructionist. HIGHER [73] The century ended with the Rampart scandal, one of the most extensive documented cases of police misconduct in American history. Are leaders willing to act? For further information regarding the official version of any of this Code of Ordinances or other documents posted on this site, please contact the Municipality directly or contact American Legal Publishing toll-free at 800-445-5588. 2 0 obj The declaration recognizes the severity of Los Angeles' crisis and breaks new ground to maximize the city's ability to urgently move people inside. PDF ORDINANCE NO. 173186 - Los Angeles Alexander (1909-1913) ushered Los Angeles into the progressive era and presided over a symphony of public works. In the seven presidential elections since George H.W. [311] In addition to the major papers, numerous local periodicals serve immigrant communities in their native languages, including Armenian, English, Korean, Persian, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Hebrew, and Arabic. Officeholder and Legal Defense Committees, Ordinance Provisions [citation needed]. PDF documents are not translated. City Charter Schools Los Angeles SEL isn't an extra feature at two charter schools in Los Angeles; it is the reason they were founded. Second. [331][332] Together, both ports are the fifth busiest container port in the world, with a trade volume of over 14.2million TEU's in 2008. <> For Technical Support please call (310) 981-9373 between the hours of 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM PST on weekdays. Events/destinations can include: beach amusement parks mountains museums theaters sporting events Several small sections of Los Angeles are in the Inglewood Unified School District,[301] and the Las Virgenes Unified School District. [22][23], The local English pronunciation of the name of the city has varied over time. % [178], According to the Los Angeles Police Department, the city is home to 45,000 gang members, organized into 450 gangs. Los Angeles - Wikipedia An action vetoed by the Council shall be remanded to the originating board, which board shall have the authority it originally held to take action on the matter. Bush's re-election bid in 1992, no Republican candidate has received as much as 30% of the vote in Los Angeles. Iyang has also been translated as "the valley of smoke". The discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. stream (8)actions which are subject to appeal or review by the Council pursuant to other provisions of the Charter, ordinance or other applicable law. The perimeter of the city is 342 miles (550km). ", "Interactive North America Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Map", "Historical Weather for Los Angeles, California, United States of America", "Climatography of the United States No. [14] It is the third-most visited city in the U.S. after New York City and Miami with over 4.6 million visitors as of 2019.[15]. The Board of Civil Service Commissioners is a City Charter created body of five members appointed by the Mayor and confirmed by the Council. The government the City of Los Angeles operates as a charter city (as opposed to a general law city) under the charter of the City of Los Angeles. [42] The present-day city has the largest Roman Catholic archdiocese in the United States. Of the five major film studios, only Paramount Pictures is within Los Angeles' city limits;[182] it is located in the so-called Thirty-Mile Zone of entertainment headquarters in Southern California. Summer days are usually rainless. The majority of this (30.5million) is taken up by the city's bus system,[318] the second busiest in the country. The Rose Bowl also hosted 4 matches in the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, including the final, where the United States won against China on penalty kicks. 14 0 obj [30] In 1934, the United States Board on Geographic Names decreed that this pronunciation be used. In 1848, at the end of the MexicanAmerican War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and became part of the United States. Los Angeles (US: /ls ndls/ (listen) lawss AN-jl-s; Spanish: Los ngeles [los axeles], lit. Besides the rail service provided by Metrolink and the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Los Angeles is served by inter-city passenger trains from Amtrak. This was the game where Brandi Chastain took her shirt off after she scored the tournament-winning penalty kick, creating an iconic image. The president of the council and the president pro tempore are chosen by the council at the first regular meeting after June 30 in odd-numbered years. endobj [256], Los Angeles is one of six North American cities to have won championships in all five of its major leagues (MLB, NFL, NHL, NBA and MLS), having completed the feat with the Kings' 2012 Stanley Cup title.[257]. The segment of the fault passing through Southern California experiences a major earthquake roughly every 110 to 140 years, and seismologists have warned about the next "big one", as the last major earthquake was the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake. PDF Campaign Finance Provisions - Los Angeles Neighbors are outraged and say nothing is being done about it . Rules of the Board of - Los Angeles [259] There are 15 city council districts. CHARTER - American Legal Publishing Furthermore, a vast majority of residents in neighborhoods in eastern South Los Angeles towards Downey are of Hispanic origin. In addition, there are numerous departments and appointed officers such as the: The most recent elections were in May 2013, with 13th district city councilman Eric Garcetti defeating city controller Wendy Greuel for Mayor. [93] These neighborhoods were developed piecemeal, and are well-defined enough that the city has signage which marks nearly all of them. [161] In Los Angeles, black people are roughly four times more likely to experience homelessness. In turn, the state judiciary successfully persuaded the state Legislature to authorize the transfer of all courthouses to the state government in 2008 and 2009 (so that judges would have direct control over their own courthouses). Disclaimer: This Code of Ordinances and/or any other documents that appear on this site may not reflect the most current legislation adopted by the Municipality. In 1937, the Los Angeles City Charter established the Los Angeles City Employees' Retirement System (LACERS) as a retirement trust fund for the purpose of providing the civilian employees of the City of Los Angeles, a defined benefit retirement plan inclusive of service retirements, disability retirements, and survivor benefits. Neighborhood Governance Reforms in Los Angeles and Shanghai", "Power Failure: The Mayor's Vaunted Neighborhood Councils Are A Nice IdeaAnd Nothing More", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Los_Angeles&oldid=1161594660, The members of the boards or commissions of the departments and the chief administrative officer of each department and office, An executive director of the Board of Police Commissioners, Other officers as prescribed by ordinance, Economic & Workforce Development Department (EWDD), Los Angeles Housing + Community Investment Department (HCIDLA), Los Angeles Department of Public Works (LADPW), This page was last edited on 23 June 2023, at 19:04. [176][177], The Dragna crime family and the Cohen crime family dominated organized crime in the city during the Prohibition era[178] and reached its peak during the 1940s and 1950s with the battle of Sunset Strip as part of the American Mafia, but has gradually declined since then with the rise of various black and Hispanic gangs in the late 1960s and early 1970s. [266] In the California State Senate, the city is split between eight districts. Other hilly parts of Los Angeles include the Mt. On September 14, 1908, the Los Angeles City Council promulgated residential and industrial land use zones. Los Angeles Charter Bus Rental - BCS Bus Charter During the peak rush hour, there is 80% congestion, according to the index. Major Orthodox Jewish neighborhoods include Hancock Park, Pico-Robertson, and Valley Village, while Jewish Israelis are well represented in the Encino and Tarzana neighborhoods, and Persian Jews in Beverly Hills. [113] During autumn and winter, Santa Ana winds sometimes bring much warmer and drier conditions to Los Angeles, and raise wildfire risk. The Los Angeles Unified School District maintains its own separate police department, as do many other school districts and college campuses within the city. @ $}9'd.N0g@S="Ef]Xq&D}eN`-34Pfbw $Nw! Also called Los Angeles Harbor and WORLDPORT LA, the port complex occupies 7,500 acres (30km2) of land and water along 43 miles (69km) of waterfront. Civil Service Commission - Los Angeles This could be reinvested into our communities instead of siphoned out by Wall Street. The Council may, by ordinance, waive review of classes or categories of actions, or, by resolution, waive review of an individual anticipated action of a board. Nonetheless, neighborhood councils should have a basic understanding of the . In 2016, the E Line was extended to the Pacific Ocean at Santa Monica. The mayor of Los Angeles is the chief executive officer of the city. City Charter Schools is a small network of two Charter Schools: City Language Immersion Charter (CLIC) a dual-language elementary school offering grades TK-5; and The City School offering grades 6-8. American Legal Publishing and the jurisdiction whose laws are being translated do not vouch for the accuracy of any translated versions of such laws. Please note that the English language version is the official version of the code. <> A variety of independent television stations, such as KCAL-TV (Channel 9) and KTLA-TV (Channel 5), also operate in the area. [321] According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 9.2% of working Los Angeles (city) residents made the journey to work via public transportation. Mover. "Early Implementation of the Clean Air Act of 1970 in California." Please note that the English language version is the official version of the code. Texas Transportation Institute's annual Urban Mobility Report ranked Los Angeles area roads the most congested in the United States in 2019 as measured by annual delay per traveler, area residents experiencing a cumulative average of 119 hours waiting in traffic that year. Materials that help explain the laws are provided on our, Los Angeles Administrative Code 24.12-24.13, Los Angeles Administrative Code 24.21-24.29. These included explosives warehousing, gas works, oil drilling, slaughterhouses, and tanneries. 7GtH> [21] Los Angeles has been classified an "alpha world city" according to a 2012 study by a group at Loughborough University. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males. Los Angeles's mean travel time for work commutes in 2006 was 29.2 minutes, similar to those of San Francisco and Washington, D.C.[317]. Issued 7/5/2005 | Re-issued 10/20/2005, The laws and policies, themselves, can be accessed below. Los Angeles is rich in native plant species partly because of its diversity of habitats, including beaches, wetlands, and mountains. Dedicated in 1956, it was the first temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints built in California and it was the largest in the world when completed. Q+A@_=z >"; Los Angeles City Hall, built in 1928, houses the Mayor of Los Angeles and the Los Angeles City Council. Los Angeles City Charter 470 Effective April 8, 2011 200 North Spring Street, 24th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90012 (213) 978-1960 ethics.lacity.org Additional limits and requirements are housed in Los Angeles Municipal Code 49.7.1 et seq. The Hispanic population has a long established Mexican-American and Central American community and is spread well-nigh throughout the entire city of Los Angeles and its metropolitan area. Los Angeles is the largest manufacturing center in the United States. [98][99] Los Angeles has plenty of sunshine throughout the year, with an average of only 35 days with measurable precipitation annually. Outside of a few centers such as Downtown, Warner Center, Century City, Koreatown, Miracle Mile, Hollywood, and Westwood, skyscrapers and high-rise buildings are not common in Los Angeles. Sec. As of 2018[update], Los Angeles is home to three Fortune 500 companies: AECOM, CBRE Group, and Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co.[188] Other companies headquartered in Los Angeles and the surrounding metropolitan area include The Aerospace Corporation, California Pizza Kitchen,[189] Capital Group Companies, Deluxe Entertainment Services Group, Dine Brands Global, DreamWorks Animation, Dollar Shave Club, Fandango Media, Farmers Insurance Group, Forever 21, Hulu, Panda Express, SpaceX, Ubisoft Film & Television, The Walt Disney Company, Universal Pictures, Warner Bros., Warner Music Group, and Trader Joe's. The greatest snowfall recorded in downtown Los Angeles was 2.0 inches (5cm) on January 15, 1932. <> [156] Important churches in the city include First Presbyterian Church of Hollywood, Bel Air Presbyterian Church, First African Methodist Episcopal Church of Los Angeles, West Angeles Church of God in Christ, Second Baptist Church, Crenshaw Christian Center, McCarty Memorial Christian Church, and First Congregational Church. In addition, the city directly contracts for local and commuter bus service through the Los Angeles Department of Transportation, or LADOT. According to the 2010 census, the racial makeup of Los Angeles included: 1,888,158 Whites (49.8%), 365,118 African Americans (9.6%), 28,215 Native Americans (0.7%), 426,959 Asians (11.3%), 5,577 Pacific Islanders (0.1%), 902,959 from other races (23.8%), and 175,635 (4.6%) from two or more races. [32], The settlement of Indigenous Californians in the modern Los Angeles Basin and the San Fernando Valley was dominated by the Tongva (now also known as the Gabrieleo since the era of Spanish colonization). [174] In 2021, murders rose to the highest level since 2008 and there were 348. [28] This was also endorsed in 1952 by a "jury" appointed by Mayor Fletcher Bowron to devise an official pronunciation. in the City Charter, the Los Angeles Administrative Code or other authorities. Los Angeles City Charter 470(c)(12), Bidder, Contractor, and Underwriter Ordinance Provisions [101] The average annual temperature of the sea is 63F (17C), from 58F (14C) in January to 68F (20C) in August. Tips for Visitors. [citation needed], African Americans have been the predominant ethnic group in South Los Angeles, which has emerged as the largest African American community in the western United States since the 1960s. (1)actions of the Ethics Commission; (2)actions of the Board of Fire and Police Pension Commissioners; (3)actions of the Board of Administration for Los Angeles City Employees Retirement System; (4)actions of the Board of Administration of Water and Power Employees Retirement Plan; (5)quasi-judicial personnel decisions of the Board of Civil Service Commissioners; (6)actions of a board organized under authority of the Meyers-Milias Brown Act for administration of employer-employee relations; (7)individual personnel decisions of boards of commissioners other than the Board of Police Commissioners; and. As a consequence of World War II, suburban growth, and population density, many amusement parks were built and operated in this area. The performing arts play a major role in Los Angeles's cultural identity. Los Angeles is the second-most populous city in the United States after New York City, with a population of roughly 3.9 million residents within the city limits as of 2020[update]. [citation needed], The largest Asian ethnic groups are Filipinos (3.2%) and Koreans (2.9%), which have their own established ethnic enclavesKoreatown in the Wilshire Center and Historic Filipinotown. Governmental Ethics Ordinance [61] In 1932, the city hosted the Summer Olympics. Los Angeles and its metropolitan area are the home of eleven top-level professional sports teams, several of which play in neighboring communities but use Los Angeles in their name. It adjoins the separate Port of Long Beach. Los Angeles Municipal Code 49.7.22 - 49.7.30. endobj Hollywood residents frustrated with growing homeless - ABC7 Los Angeles [305] The Korea Times is the city's major daily Korean-language paper while The World Journal is the city and county's major Chinese newspaper. Government of Los Angeles - Wikipedia During Mexican rule, Governor Po Pico made Los Angeles, Alta California's regional capital. <> [1] The current mayor is Karen Bass, the current city attorney is Hydee Feldstein Soto and the current city controller is Kenneth Mejia. [49] The Mexican Cession was formalized in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, which ceded Los Angeles and the rest of Alta California to the United States. Los Angeles City Charter 803, Bidder/Contractor Charter Limits California Government Code 36900 et seq. During World War II Los Angeles was a major center of wartime manufacturing, such as shipbuilding and aircraft. City of Los Angeles [Charter Sections 450 and 451]. The neighborhood councils are relatively autonomous and spontaneous in that they identify their own boundaries, establish their own bylaws, and elect their own officers. [225] Enclaves of unincorporated areas are served by branches of the County of Los Angeles Public Library, many of which are within walking distance to residents. Our Schools City Charter Schools American Legal Publishing and the jurisdiction whose laws are being translated do not vouch for the accuracy of any translated versions of such laws. [268], There are three public universities within the city limits: California State University, Los Angeles (CSULA), California State University, Northridge (CSUN) and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).[269]. [86] Mexican Fan Palms, Canary Island Palms, Queen Palms, Date Palms, and California Fan Palms are common in the Los Angeles area, although only the last is native to California, though still not native to the City of Los Angeles. endobj [7] Los Angeles has a Mediterranean climate, an ethnically and culturally diverse population, and a sprawling metropolitan area. [44] Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the historic district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street, the oldest part of Los Angeles. City Administrative Code - Section 22.810.1 (g) The Breed Street Shul in East Los Angeles, built in 1923, was the largest synagogue west of Chicago in its early decades; it is no longer in daily use as a synagogue and is being converted to a museum and community center. Skip to code content (skip section selection), ARTICLE III POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE COUNCIL, ARTICLE VI ORGANIZATION OF CERTAIN DEPARTMENTS, ARTICLE VII DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING AND SAFETY, ARTICLE XIII DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL REGULATION, ARTICLE XVI DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND PARKS, ARTICLE XX DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES AND TRANSPORTATION, ARTICLE XXII DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND POWER, ARTICLE XXIX BUREAU OF BUDGET AND EFFICIENCY, ARTICLE XXXIII SETTLEMENT OF EXISTING CONTROVERSIES BETWEEN THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES AND CERTAIN CORPORATIONS SUPPLYING SAID CITY AND ITS INHABITANTS WITH GAS AND OR, ARTICLE XXXIV CITY EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM, ARTICLE XXXVI CITY ETHICS COMMISSION; SPECIAL, APPENDIX A TABLE OF INCORPORATION AND CHARTERS OF THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES WITH AMENDMENTS, CHAPTER III CANDIDATES AND CANDIDATE PROCESSING PROCEDURES, CHAPTER IV OFFICIAL SAMPLE BALLOT AND VOTER INFORMATION PAMPHLET, CHAPTER VII INITIATIVE, REFERENDUM AND RECALL PETITIONS, CHAPTER IX CHALLENGES AND PROVISIONAL VOTING, CHAPTER XII UNOFFICIAL CANVASS AND OFFICIAL CANVASS, CHAPTER XIII DISPOSITION OF RECORDS AND SUPPLIES BY THE CITY CLERK, RULES OF THE LOS ANGELES CITY COUNCIL AS AMENDED (January 2007). This involves overcast or foggy skies in the morning that yield to sun by early afternoon.[105]. The coast gets slightly less rainfall, while the inland and mountain areas get considerably more. The neighborhoods of South Los Angeles with highest concentration of African Americans include Crenshaw, Baldwin Hills, Leimert Park, Hyde Park, Gramercy Park, Manchester Square and Watts. <> !j [161][162] The epicenter of homelessness in Los Angeles is the Skid Row neighborhood, which contains 8,000 homeless people, one of the largest stable populations of homeless people in the United States. PDF COMPETITIVE BIDDING AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF CITY CONTRACTS - EmpowerLA The Commission meets on the second and fourth Thursday of each month. The Christopher Commission on Tuesday proposed changes in the Los Angeles City Charter that, among other things, would set a maximum term for the police chief and increase civilian oversight of. Municipal Lobbying Ordinance [87] The strike-slip San Andreas Fault system, which sits at the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, passes through the Los Angeles metropolitan area. [213] The city is home to major film studios as well as major record labels. [55][56][57], Los Angeles created the first municipal zoning ordinance in the United States. For example, the average July maximum temperature at the Santa Monica Pier is 70F (21C) whereas it is 95F (35C) in Canoga Park, 15 miles (24km) away. [168] Los Angeles experienced a significant decline in crime in the 1990s and late 2000s and reached a 50-year low in 2009 with 314 homicides. Los Angeles Municipal Code 49.7.22 - 49.7.30. 13 0 obj Owing to geography, heavy reliance on automobiles, and the Los Angeles/Long Beach port complex, Los Angeles suffers from air pollution in the form of smog. [214], There are 841 museums and art galleries in Los Angeles County,[215] more museums per capita than any other city in the U.S.[215] Some of the notable museums are the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (the largest art museum in the Western United States[216]), the Getty Center (part of the J. Paul Getty Trust, the world's wealthiest art institution[217]), the Petersen Automotive Museum,[218] the Huntington Library,[219] the Natural History Museum,[220] the Battleship Iowa,[221] The Broad, which houses over 2,000 works of contemporary art[222] and the Museum of Contemporary Art. [71][72], In 1994, the magnitude 6.7 Northridge earthquake shook the city, causing $12.5billion in damage and 72 deaths. It replaced its 1925 city charter which was then reputedly the source of all the city's civic woes with a brand new set of rules. Los Angeles also hosted 8 FIFA World Cup soccer games at the Rose Bowl in 1994, including the final, where Brazil won. The port includes four bridges: the Vincent Thomas Bridge, Henry Ford Bridge, Long Beach International Gateway Bridge, and Commodore Schuyler F. Heim Bridge. [330], The sea ports of the Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach together make up the Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor. 1,535,444 people (40.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,172,576 people (57.3%) lived in rental housing units. LA City Charter Bus Program [citation needed] There is a sizeable Eritrean and Ethiopian community in the Fairfax region. A bus carrying 41 migrants from Brownsville, Texas, arrived in Los Angeles Tuesday evening - the fourth such bus to arrive in the city in recent weeks, according to a nonprofit. The current charter was adopted on June 8, 1999, and has been amended many times. <> Los Angeles Administrative Code 24.41, Charter Provisions The architecture of Los Angeles is influenced by its Spanish, Mexican, and American roots. 20-0609 (CFMS) - Los Angeles Passenger ferry service from San Pedro to the city of Avalon (and Two Harbors) on Santa Catalina Island is provided by Catalina Express. [160] This is an increase of 14.2% over the previous year (with a 12.7% increase in the overall homeless population of LA County). The City of Los Angeles is a Mayor-Council-Commission form of government, as defined in the City Charter, originally adopted by the voters of the City of Los Angeles, effective July 1, 1925 and reaffirmed by a new Charter effective July 1, 2000. Police speculate the drop resulted from a number of factors, including young people spending more time online. A 1953 article in the journal of the American Name Society asserts that the pronunciation /ls ndls/ lawss AN-jl-s was established following the 1850 incorporation of the city and that since the 1880s the pronunciation /los ls/ lohss ANG-gl-s emerged from a trend in California to give places Spanish, or Spanish-sounding, names and pronunciations. Lobbying Neighborhood Councils [123] More recently, the state of California has led the nation in working to limit pollution by mandating low-emission vehicles. [111] At the official downtown station, the highest recorded temperature is 113F (45C) on September 27, 2010,[101][112] while the lowest is 28F (2C),[101] on January 4, 1949. [267] In the United States House of Representatives, it is split among nine congressional districts. For other uses, see, Climate data for Los Angeles (LAX), 19912020 normals, extremes 1944present. Los Angeles charter buses We know that not even the best itinerary would make your trip enjoyable if the vehicles are not up to your standards. endstream Many of these native species, such as the Los Angeles sunflower, have become so rare as to be considered endangered. endobj Los Angeles hosted the 1932 and 1984 Summer Olympics and will host the 2028 Summer Olympics. The laws and policies, themselves, can be accessed below. 8 NFL Super Bowls were also held in the city and its surrounding areas- 2 at the Memorial Coliseum (the first Super Bowl, I and VII), 5 at the Rose Bowl in suburban Pasadena (XI, XIV, XVII, XXI, and XXVII), and 1 at the suburban Inglewood (LVI). In the California State Assembly, Los Angeles is split between fourteen districts.
Uk Basketball Roster 2023, Saint Peter's Prep Application, Barrington Middle School, Duke University Golf Club Core Values, Juliette Leong Paintings, Articles L