what happened to the uss yorktownwhat happened to the uss yorktown

The warship. Herschel Albert Smith. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRohwer2005 (, Scott Arthur's interview with Gene Roddenberry (1973), "Pearl Harbor Attack, 7 December 1941 Carrier Locations", "Enterprise Air Group Action Reports 7 December 1941", "VF-6 Evening Strike Escort 7 December 1941", "Photo Feature: USS Enterprise Through the Years", "Examination of Japanese Aircraft Aileron Tip USS Enterprise (CV-6), 11 April 1945", "USS Enterprise Ship's Bell in front of Bancroft Hall at the U.S. Hickman, Kennedy. The fourth ship of war to bear the proud name Yorktown, and the second to see service in World War II, USS Yorktown (CV-10) bears her proud name in honor of that gallant Yorktown (CV-5) lost at the Battle of Midway in 1942. After being picked up by the destroyer USSHammann, Buckmaster transferred to the cruiser Astoria and reported to Vice Admiral Fletcher, who had shifted his flag to the heavy cruiser after the first dive-bombing attack. Sailing on 15 March in TG 36.1, she provided air cover and close support for the landings on Emirau Island (1925 March). Although Adolf Hitler had forbidden his submarines to attack American ships, the men who manned the American naval vessels were not aware of this policy and operated on a wartime footing in the Atlantic. On 6 June 1944, she and her companions of TG 58.3 sortied from Majuro to join the rest of TF 58 in attacking the Marianas Islands. After the evacuation of all wounded, the executive officer, Commander Irving D. Wiltsie, left the ship down a line on the starboard side. At about 15:40, Yorktown prepared to get underway; and, at 15:50, thanks to the black gang in No. Large vessels, these ships had sizable air groups and large islands. The USS Thresher (SSN-593) was the lead boat of a new class of attack submarines. While the ship prepared for battle, again smothering gasoline systems and stopping the fueling of the planes on her flight deck, she vectored four of the six fighters of the CAP in the air to intercept the raiders. The list, meanwhile, continued to increase. Yorktown planes scored two bomb hits on Shkaku, damaging her flight deck and preventing her from launching aircraft. Departing the Chesapeake, Yorktown transited the Panama Canal before arriving at Pearl Harbor on July 24. Enterprise and Hornet, meanwhile, launched their attack groups. Salvage and Torpedoing, 5-6 June 1942. I hereby commend them for their willingness, zeal, and capability."[29]. The Wildcats shot down at least three, but the rest began their approach while the carrier and her escorts mounted a heavy antiaircraft barrage. Attacked by "Val" dive-bombers, the ship managed to evade all but one bomb. Kelvin timeline In Star Trek: Beyond (2016), which occurs in the Star Trek reboot 's alternative Kelvin Timeline, the Enterprise (NCC-1701-A) is already under construction when its predecessor arrives at Starbase Yorktown. Quick, hard work by damage control parties patched her up so that she was able to return to Hawaii under her own power. [note 5] This mid-war refit is where she would receive her two iconic "6"s on her flight decks.[30]. Back in action on 5 April, she supported the Okinawa operation until she was damaged on 11 Aprilthis time by a kamikazeand was forced back to Ulithi. The carrier sailed for the Puget Sound Navy Yard, where she underwent repairs and an overhaul from 12 June-31 August 1945. On 30 January, her fighters flew combat air patrol for a cruiserdestroyer group during the Battle of Rennell Island. That afternoon a Japanese air attack succeeded in hitting the carrier's signal bridge. Captain Charles A. Pownall relieved White on 21 December. [11], On 19 May 1998, the wreck of Yorktown was found and photographed by oceanographer Dr. Robert Ballard, discoverer of the wrecks of the RMSTitanic and the German battleshipBismarck. After two years of peacetime operations, the carrier's designation was changed to antisubmarine warfare. As part of those preparations, he recalled TF16, Enterprise and Hornet to Pearl Harbor for a quick replenishment. Originally dubbed USS Bonhomme Richard, the ship was renamed following the loss of USS Yorktown (CV-5) at the Battle of Midway in June 1942. Departing the Chesapeake in January 1938, Yorktown steamed south to conduct its shakedown cruise in the Caribbean. Based first at San Diego (where she was used in the filming of Dive Bomber, starring Errol Flynn and Fred MacMurray) and then at Pearl Harbor on the Hawaiian island of Oahu after President Roosevelt ordered the Fleet to be "forward based," the carrier and her Air Group trained intensively and transported aircraft to American island bases in the Pacific. Lexington was abandoned at 17:07, and later sunk by the destroyer Phelps. The twelve torpedo bombers in this strike achieved excellent results, accounting for nearly one-third of the 200,000 tons of shipping destroyed by aircraft. At 11:27, Yorktown was hit in the center of her flight deck by a single 250kg (550lb), semi-armor-piercing bomb which penetrated four decks before exploding, causing severe structural damage to an aviation storage room and killing or seriously wounding 66 men, as well as damaging the superheater boilers which rendered them inoperable. Yorktown accordingly set course northward at 27 knots (50km/h; 31mph). Hickman, Kennedy. At the end of July, the carrier, in need of an overhaul, departed the region and steamed for Puget Sound Navy Yard. With the collapse of the treaty system, the U.S. Navy began creating a design for a new, larger class of aircraft carrier and one which drew from the lessons learned from the Yorktown-class. US aircraft hit targets in the region on March 10. Joining first Task Group 38.4, then TG 38.1, it attacked targets in the Philippines in support of the Allied invasion of Leyte. She entered the New York Naval Shipyard on 18 January 1946 for deactivation and was decommissioned on 17 February 1947. World War II: USS Yorktown (CV-5). From mid-June 1942 to mid-September 1942: 4 in side and 2 in top round conning tower, This page was last edited on 25 July 2023, at 10:08. In exchange, Lexington was lost after being hit by a mix of bombs and torpedoes. Around two hours after the first attack, torpedo planes from Hiryu hit Yorktown with torpedoes. [7], On 16 January 1942, a TBD of VT-6, piloted by Chief Aviation Machinist's Mate and enlisted Naval Aviation Pilot Harold F. Dixon, got lost on patrol, ran out of fuel, and ditched. In late afternoon, a mixed squadron of Enterprise and Yorktown bombers, flying from Enterprise, disabled Hiryu, leaving her burning. Other Yorktown planes attacked Japanese installations and ships at Makin and Mili Atolls. Colloquially called "The Big E", she was the sixth aircraft carrier of the United States Navy. The US Navy aircraft carrier USS Yorktown (CVS-10) at sea off Hawaii (USA), some time between 1961 and 1963. Completing this task, it united with Vice Admiral William Halsey's TF8 (USS Enterprise) for strikes against the Marshall and Gilbert Islands. Lexington's Dauntlesses added another hit. The battle marked the end of Japan's ability to further extend its empire in Asia and. [40] Subsequent attempts were made at preserving the ship as a museum or memorial, but fund-raising efforts failed to raise enough money to buy the vessel from the Navy, and Enterprise was sold on 1 July 1958 to the Lipsett Corporation of New York City for scrapping at Kearny, New Jersey. Click here! On the morning of 10 March 1942, American carriers launched aircraft from the Gulf of Papua. A planned midnight strike against the Japanese fleet by night-flying Enterprise pilots was cancelled because of the recovery and rescue operations required after the dusk attack. M.S., Information and Library Science, Drexel University, B.A., History and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University. (The ship's Gunnery Officer retained the Browning M2 .50 caliber machine guns the Oerlikons replaced, and acquired a supply of M1919A4 .30 caliber machine guns as well. The first part of the exercise was devoted to training in making plans and estimates; in screening and scouting; in coordination of combatant units; and in employing fleet and standard dispositions. Operating out of San Diego into 1940, the carrier participated in Fleet Problem XXI that April. Those planes hit what Japanese shore installations and shipping they could find at Jaluit, but severe thunderstorms hampered the mission, and seven planes were lost. One of them was Nimitz. Later in the day, the sole remaining Japanese carrier, Hiryu, launched its aircraft. Made flagship of Carrier Division 2, it took part in Fleet Problem XX in February 1939. In addition to carrying a larger air group, the new design possessed a greatly enhanced anti-aircraft armament. When the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ended on 15 November 1942, Enterprise had shared in sinking sixteen ships and damaging eight more. The remaining destroyers initiated a search for the enemy submarine (which escaped), and commenced rescue operations for Hammann survivors and the Yorktown salvage crew. The USS Yorktown was a 23rd century Federation starship operated by Starfleet. The prior precaution of smothering the gasoline system with carbon dioxide undoubtedly prevented the gasoline from igniting. Eager to have the new carrier ready for combat operations, the U.S. Navy rushed its completion and the carrier was commissioned on April 15 with Captain Joseph J. Clark in command. A third bomb hit the carrier from the starboard side, pierced the side of number one elevator and exploded on the fourth deck, starting a persistent fire in the rag storage space, adjacent to the forward gasoline stowage and the magazines. Within an hour, the remaining Japanese carrier, Hiryu, launched air strikes that crippled Yorktown with three bombs and two torpedoes striking home during two separate attacks. Due to considerations arising from reactor removal, she cannot be turned into a memorial. The repairs were completed by these men with speed and efficiency. Dixon was awarded the Navy Cross for "extraordinary heroism, exceptional determination, resourcefulness, skilled seamanship, excellent judgment and highest quality of leadership."[14][15]. At dawn on 4 June Yorktown launched a 10-plane group of Dauntlesses from VB-5 which searched a northern semicircle for a distance of 100 miles (160km) out but found nothing. The destroyer jackknifed and went down rapidly. While Fletcher moved north with his two flattops and their screens in search of the enemy, Japanese search planes located the oil tanker Neosho and her escorting destroyer, Sims and misidentified the former as a carrier. Overhead sonar images show the carrier lying eerily upright and nearly intact on the deep and desolate ocean floor. The second phase included training in convoy protection, the seizure of advanced bases, and, ultimately, the decisive engagement between the opposing fleets. During the first day of "The Great December Typhoon," aircraft tires and shock absorbers were bled and tanks degassed. USS Yorktown Timeline. [36] Off Okinawa once more on 6 May, Enterprise flew patrols around the clock as kamikaze attacks increased. [citation needed]. Yorktown (CV-5) earned three battle stars for her World War II service, two of them for the significant part she had played in stopping Japanese expansion and turning the tide of the war at Coral Sea and at Midway. While Yorktown and Hammann were the only American ships sunk, TF 16 and TF 17 lost a total of 113 planes, 61 of them in combat. Sponsored by First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, the carrier entered the water nearly two years later on April 4, 1936. The following month, Yorktown began attacks on the Japanese home islands and then supported the invasion of Iwo Jima. Yorktown was being screened by two cruisers, Louisville and St. Louis and four destroyers. [7] The war ended with the Japanese surrender on 2 September 1945. Presently, the Mavis, pursued by two Grumman F4F Wildcats, disappeared behind a cloud. Yorktown sailed for the Caribbean on 8 January 1938 and arrived at Culebra, Puerto Rico, on 13 January. The bombs from the Dauntlesses caught all of the Japanese carriers in the midst of refueling and rearming operations, causing devastating fires and explosions. Neosho and Sims had performed a valuable service, drawing off the planes that might otherwise have hit Fletcher's carriers. Yorktown, as it turned out, floated throughout the night. The Dauntlesses were ordered aloft to form a CAP. Nakajima B5N "Kates" launched torpedoes from both sides of Lexington's bow, achieving two hits on the port side while Aichi D3A "Val" dive bombers managed three bomb hits. ThoughtCo. Locating Yorktown, they scored three bomb hits, one of which caused damage to the ship's boilers slowing it to six knots. The air battle itself ended shortly before noon on the 8th; within an hour, the carrier was on an even keel, although slightly down by the bow. Two of them were shot down soon after releasing their bomb loads; the third went out of control just as his bomb left the rack. On June 19, Yorktown's aircraft began the day by mounting raids on Guam before joining the opening stages of the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Yorktown maneuvered radically, avoiding at least two torpedoes before another two struck the port side within minutes of each other, the first at 16:20. Hickman, Kennedy. The fleet tug USSVireo, summoned from Pearl and Hermes Reef, commenced towing the ship, although progress was painfully slow. The next day, while cruiser scout planes patrolled overhead, Yorktown and the cruiser Savannah fueled their escorting destroyers, finishing the task as dusk fell. By daybreak on 4 May, she was within striking distance of the newly established Japanese beachhead and launched her first strike at 07:0118 F4F-3 Wildcats of VF-42, 12 TBD Devastators of VT-5, and 28 SBD Dauntlesses from VS and VB-5. By Logan Nye Updated on Oct 22, 2020 1 minute read SUMMARY The USS Yorktown (CV-5) was heavily damaged at the Battle of Coral Sea, but it pushed on to join other Navy forces at the Battle of Midway, where the valiant actions of the crew helped ensure a U.S. victory despite the loss of the ship. Retiring to Ulithi on November 24, Yorktown shifted to TF 38 and prepared for the invasion of Luzon. Following Fleet Problem XX, Yorktown returned briefly to Hampton Roads before sailing for the Pacific on 20 April 1939. Shunsuke Tomiyasu, destroyed her forward elevator, killing 13 and wounding 68. Due to new intelligence which indicated that Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto intended to attack Midway in early June, Nimitz directed that only emergency repairs be made in order the return Yorktown to sea as quickly as possible. [7] Over the course of several months, Enterprise received an extensive refit, which included, among other upgrades, new anti-aircraft weapons and an anti-torpedo blister that significantly improved her underwater protection. Although the group encountered no Japanese surface ships, Enterprise aircraft sank Japanese submarineI-70 at .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}2345N 15535W / 23.750N 155.583W / 23.750; -155.583 (USS Enterprise sinks I-70) on 10 December 1941. The strike was launched around 17:00, consisting of six Grumman F4F Wildcat fighters of Fighting Squadron Six (VF-6), 18 Douglas TBD Devastator torpedo bombers of Torpedo Squadron Six (VT-6), and six SBDs of VB-6. Yorktown was the lead ship of the Yorktown class, which was designed on the basis of lessons learned from operations with the converted battlecruisers of the Lexington class and the smaller purpose-built USSRanger. The crew of the US Navy aircraft carrier USS Yorktown (CV-10) stands at attention as the National Ensign is raised, during commissioning ceremonies at the Norfolk Navy Yard, Virginia (USA), on 15 April 1943. Returning to Pearl Harbor, it was estimated that it would take three months to fully repair the damage. ThoughtCo, Apr. USS Lexington (CV-2), 1927-1942. Enterprise then steamed to Pearl Harbor where, on 27 May 1943, Admiral Chester Nimitz presented the ship with the first Presidential Unit citation awarded to an aircraft carrier. [10][11] As these aircraft arrived in pairs over Pearl Harbor, they were caught between attacking Japanese aircraft and defensive anti-aircraft fire from the ships and shore installations below. Yorktown was one of six ships to receive the new RCA CXAM radar in 1940. Returning to base in June, the carrier underwent minor repairs before practicing air operations until July 6. USS Enterprise (CV-6) was a Yorktown-class carrier built for the United States Navy during the 1930s. In the attacks that followed, Lexington's Douglas SBD Dauntlesses from Scouting Squadron 2 (VS-2) dive-bombed Japanese ships at Lae at 09:22. Resuming active service in October, Yorktown resumed duty in the western Pacific with the 7th Fleet. Tora! One SBD-2 Dauntless had been downed by Japanese antiaircraft fire. Every aircraft was triple tied down in an attempt to keep them in their places. Yorktown's search group returned at 08:30, landing soon after the last of the six-plane CAP had left the deck. Armed with this intelligence, Admiral Nimitz began methodically planning Midway's defense, rushing all possible reinforcement in the way of men, planes and guns to Midway. On January 31, Yorktown's aircraft provided cover and support the V Amphibious Corps as it opened the Battle of Kwajalein. That November and December, Yorktown served as a filming platform for the film Tora! The following aviation complement was disembarked from Enterprise on 7 September 1945 at NAS Barber's Point;[37], Restored to peak condition, Enterprise voyaged to Pearl Harbor, returning to the States with some 1,141 servicemen due for discharge, including hospital patients and former POWs, then sailed on to New York on 25 September 1945 via the Panama Canal arriving on 17 October 1945. https://www.thoughtco.com/uss-yorktown-cv-5-2361555 (accessed July 25, 2023). Though the US Navy initially preferred a design displacing around 27,000 tons, due to the limitations imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty, it instead opted for one that provided the desired attributes but only weighed around 20,000 tons. Construction and commissioning After minor alterations and repairs at Pearl Harbor, Enterprise and TF 16 departed on 8 April 1942 to rendezvous with her sister ship Hornet and sailed west, escorting Hornet on the mission to launch 16 Army B-25 Mitchells in the "Doolittle Raid" on Tokyo. On 14 May 1945, she suffered her last wound of World War II when a kamikaze Zero, piloted by Lt. J.G. However, an explosion caused by the ignition of gasoline vapors later caused a fire and tore apart her interior. [42] Her commissioning plaque and one of her anchors are on display at the Washington Navy Yard in Washington, D.C. A single Japanese Kawanishi H6K "Mavis" flying boat attempted to attack American destroyers sent astern in hope of recovering the crews of planes overdue from the Jaluit mission. The work was under the round-the-clock supervision of Enterprise's damage control officer, Lt. Cmdr. [2] On 4 June, during the Battle of Midway, Japanese aircraft crippled Yorktown. MOUNT PLEASANT, S.C. (WCBD) - Governor Henry McMaster announced a multimillion-dollar effort to remove hundreds of thousands of gallons of hazardous materials from the USS Yorktown. She was abandoned by her crew and left to drift out of control. After a brief layover at Pearl Harbor, Enterprise and her group sailed on 11 January 1942, protecting convoys reinforcing Samoa. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/uss-yorktown-cv-10-2361556. After replenishing at Ulithi late in the month, Yorktown sailed for raids on Formosa and the Philippines as troops prepared to land at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon. Operating mainly in the Pacific, she took part in fleet maneuvers in the Hawaiian Islands, the Caribbean, and off Panama Canal. During one part of that period, Enterprise kept aircraft aloft continuously over Iwo Jima for 174 hours. Taking part in neutrality patrols, the carrier operated between Newfoundland and Bermuda to prevent attacks by German u-boats. Arriving, the carrier launched strikes against Maloelap on January 29 before shifting to Kwajalein the next day. Modi's State Visit Was a Victory for the U.S.-India Partnership, but Ambiguities Remain by James Himberger Follow James Himberger on Twitter L June 23, 2023 Fleet Joint Air Exercise 114A prophetically pointed out the need to coordinate Army and Navy defense plans for the Hawaiian Islands, and Fleet Exercise 114 proved that aircraft could be used for high altitude tracking of surface forcesa significant role for planes that would be fully realized in the war to come. Departing San Diego on 6 January 1942, Yorktown and her consorts covered the movement of Marines to Pago Pago in Tutuila to augment the garrison already there. Despite the damage suffered, Yorktown was able to return to Hawaii. After completing one of these patrols, Yorktown put into Norfolk on December 2. Conducting routine exercises through the remainder of the year, it took part in Fleet Problem XXI in April 1940. In 2268, the Yorktown was scheduled to rendezvous with and transfer vaccines for the Theta VII colony to the USS Enterprise. Yorktown also absorbed both Japanese aerial counterattacks at Midway which otherwise would have been directed at the carriers USSEnterprise and Hornet. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. One of the aircraft, a Yorktown Dauntless, was fully fueled and carrying a 1,000 pounds (450kg) bomb. [6] The repairs were made in such a short time that the Japanese Naval Air Commanders would mistake Yorktown for another carrier as they thought she had been sunk during the previous battle. Her aircraft sank or damaged several warships supporting the invasion of Tulagi in early May. With the surrender of Japan, the carrier steamed offshore to provide cover for the occupation forces. With the commissioning of over two dozen larger and more advanced aircraft carriers by end of 1945, Enterprise was deemed surplus for the post-war needs of America's navy. Here it provided anti-submarine warfare and sea-air rescue support to its consorts. With further salvage efforts deemed hopeless, the remaining repair crews were evacuated from Yorktown, which sank on the morning of 7 June. (2023, April 5). Striking Saipan, Rota, and Guam from 11 to 14 June, Enterprise pilots gave direct support to the landings on Saipan on 15 June, and covered the troops ashore for the next two days. The carrier continued in this mission until February 4. Three TBD Devastators from Yorktown succeeded only in driving the submarine under. While efforts to save Yorktown had been proceeding apace, her planes were still in action, joining those from Enterprise in striking the last Japanese carrierHirylate that afternoon. In the summer of 1943, with the new Essex-class and Independence-class carriers joining the American Pacific Fleet, Enterprise was temporarily relieved of duty, and on 20 July, she entered Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for a much-needed overhaul. After carrying out their missions, the American planes returned to their carriers and 103 planes of the 104 launched were back safely on board by noon. [8] "Planes were flying in every direction", wrote Captain Buckmaster after the action, "and many were falling in flames. These actions included the attack on Pearl Harbor 18 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers of her air group arrived over the harbor during the attack; seven were shot down with eight airmen killed and two wounded, making her the only American aircraft carrier with men at Pearl Harbor during the attack and the first to sustain casualties during the Pacific War[3] the Battle of Midway, the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, various other air-sea engagements during the Guadalcanal Campaign, the Battle of the Philippine Sea, and the Battle of Leyte Gulf. On the morning of 3 May, TF11 and TF17 were some 100 miles (161km) apart, engaged in fueling operations. Japanese losses were much higher: four carriers (all scuttled), one cruiser and 272 carrier aircraft with many of their highly experienced aircrews. Admiral Fletcher, in tactical command, ordered Admiral Spruance's TF16 to locate and strike the enemy carrier force. Meanwhile, PBYs flying from Midway had sighted the approaching Japanese and broadcast the alarm for the American forces defending the key atoll. The pennant was given to Enterprise as a token of respect from several high-ranking officers of an ally. On the morning of 6 May, Fletcher gathered all Allied forces under his tactical command as TF17. Tora! Expending 22 torpedoes and 76 1,000-pound (450kg) bombs in the three attacks, Yorktown's planes sank the destroyer Kikuzuki, three minesweepers and four barges. USS Lexington (CV-2) during the action, seen from USS Yorktown (CV-5), 8 May 1942. [7] Enterprise's planes, meanwhile, hit Akagi and Kaga, effectively destroying them. Lexington began to list from three partially flooded engineering spaces. Work on Yorktown was completed the following year and the vessel was commissioned at the nearby Norfolk Operating Base on September 20, 1937. Expending 22 torpedoes and 76 1,000 pound bombs in the three attacks, Yorktown's planes sank the destroyer Kikuzuki, three minecraft and four barges. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Yard workers at Pearl Harbor, laboring around the clock, made enough repairs to enable the ship to put to sea again in 48 hours. After resuming strikes on Japan late in February, Yorktown withdrew to Ulithi on March 1. Yorktown rendezvoused with Lexington in the Coral Sea and attempted to stop the invasion of Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.