Based on its population per electoral vote, D.C. has the third highest per capita Electoral College representation, after Wyoming and Vermont. In some states, such as Oklahoma, Virginia, and North Carolina, electors are nominated in party conventions. Place the map on your website with this code. The short ballot was adopted by the various states at different times; it was adopted for use by North Carolina and Ohio in 1932. Additionally, delegations from at least two thirds of all the states must be present for voting to take place. I think the amendment process must be reserved for an issue of overriding governmental significance. [10], Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution directs each state to appoint a quantity of electors equal to that state's congressional delegation (members of the House of Representatives plus two Senators). Contingent presidential election by House, Contingent vice presidential election by Senate, Recent abandoned adoption in other states, Elections in which the Electoral College winner lost the popular vote, Comparison of contingent election winners and popular vote, Discouragement of turnout and participation, Obscuring disenfranchisement within states, Lack of enfranchisement of U.S. territories, Maintenance of the nation's federal character, Criticality of the preference of minority groups in close states, Encouragement of stability through the two-party system, Flexibility if a presidential candidate dies, Continuity of government and peaceful transitions of power, Foreign interference and domestic intrigue, Although faithless electors have never changed the outcome of a state popular vote, or the national total, that scenario was further weakened by the 2020 court case, Arizona, Idaho, Louisiana, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Iowa, Louisiana, Missouri, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Michigan, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Nevada, Utah, South Carolina, Arizona, Washington, Georgia. United States Electoral College - Wikipedia [199] For example, an electoral vote represents nearly four times as many people in California as in Wyoming. The Electoral College decreases the advantage a political party or campaign might gain for encouraging voters to turn out, except in those swing states. [310], President Carter's proposed program for the reform of the Electoral College was very liberal for a modern president during this time, and in some aspects of the package, it went beyond original expectations. The Freedom to Vote Act will set basic national standards to make sure all Americans can cast their ballots in the way that works best for them, regardless of what zip code they live in. Virginia elections, 2021 - Ballotpedia If there are no objections or all objections are overruled, the presiding officer simply includes a state's votes, as declared in the certificate of vote, in the official tally. [list 3], Similarly, a report prepared for the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee released in January 2018 detailed allegations of Russian government interference in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum including by active measures on social media, while the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament released a report in July 2020 that likewise noted that open source studies have concluded that Russian interference occurred in the referendum including by active measures on social mediawhich occurred in a popular referendum of the United Kingdom as a whole rather than by a vote of Parliament. This has already happened in three elections, 1824, 1876, and 1888. Thus without corrupting the body of the people, the immediate agents in the election will at least enter upon the task free from any sinister bias [Electors must not come to the Electoral College with bias]. Several methods for selecting electors are described below. Bayard and other Federalists from South Carolina, Maryland, and Vermont abstained, breaking the deadlock and giving Jefferson a majority.[48]. PDF 2024 Electoral College - National Archives However, two-thirds of the senators must be present for voting to take place. [95] As of 2020[update], Maine and Nebraska are exceptions as both use the congressional district method, Maine since 1972 and in Nebraska since 1996. In 2016 polling, the gap closed to 51% direct election versus 44% electoral college. The number of electoral votes for each state is equal to the sum of its number of Senators and its number of Representatives. [211], In his book A More Perfect Constitution, Professor Larry Sabato elaborated on this advantage of the Electoral College, arguing to "mend it, don't end it," in part because of its usefulness in forcing candidates to pay attention to lightly populated states and reinforcing the role of states in federalism. Some scholars have suggested that Article I, Section 10, Clause 3 of the Constitution requires congressional consent before the compact could be enforceable;[321] thus, any attempted implementation of the compact without congressional consent could face court challenges to its constitutionality. Since each state receives electoral votes equal to its total congressional delegation (House + 2 Senators), the electoral map will be changing for the 2024 presidential election. The House of Representatives has been required to choose the president only twice: in 1801 under Article II, Section 1, Clause 3; and in 1825 under the Twelfth Amendment. Distribution of Electoral Votes | National Archives The next step is the selection of a president or chairman of the meeting, sometimes also with a vice chairman. The choice would be made decisively with a "full and fair expression of the public will" but also maintaining "as little opportunity as possible to tumult and disorder". [224][225] In the 1872 election, Greeley had carried the popular vote in 6 states (Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Tennessee, and Texas) and had 66 electoral votes pledged to him, but after his death on November 29, 1872, 63 of the electors pledged to him voted faithlessly while 3 votes (from Georgia) that remained pledged to him were rejected at the Electoral College vote count on February 12, 1873 on the grounds that he had died. [66], Since 1836, statewide winner-take-all popular voting for electors has been the almost universal practice. In contrast, states with large populations such as California, Texas, and New York, have in recent elections been considered safe for a particular partyDemocratic for California and New York and Republican for Texasand therefore campaigns spend less time and money there. [31] At the compromise providing for a runoff among the top five candidates, the small states supposed that the House of Representatives, with each state delegation casting one vote, would decide most elections. [72], While House members for Southern states were boosted by an average of .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}13,[73] a free-soil majority in the college maintained over this early republic and Antebellum period. [18], Candidates for elector are nominated by state chapters of nationally oriented political parties in the months prior to Election Day. Presidential Elections 17891996. The lead objectors to the proposal were mostly Southern senators and conservatives from small states, both Democrats and Republicans, who argued that abolishing the Electoral College would reduce their states' political influence. It won't count in most states", "Split Electoral Votes in Maine and Nebraska", "Electoral College Instructions to State Officials", District of Columbia Certificate of Ascertainment, "U.S.C. president. 2020 Electoral Votes Note: In 1788, 1792, 1796, and 1800, each elector cast two votes for president. List of United States presidential election results by state - Wikipedia External Relations: Moira Delaney Hannah Nelson Caroline Presnell [191] By comparison, overturning the popular vote would have been a much bigger task, requiring him to overcome his 7,052,770 vote deficit. The selected papers of Thaddeus Stevens, v. 2, Stevens, Thaddeus, 17921868, Palmer, Beverly Wilson, 1936, Ochoa, Holly Byers, 1951, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh, Digital Research Library, 2011, pp. Below is a list of races in this state that received in-depth coverage on Ballotpedia. Seven ways Republicans are already undermining the 2024 election [17] The elected president and vice president are inaugurated on January 20. 2008 Population vs. Electors, State-by-State information (pdf, 60.5kb) Virginia local elections, 2022 - Ballotpedia Hamilton argued that electors meeting in the state capitals were able to have information unavailable to the general public, in a time before telecommunications. Some state leaders began to adopt the strategy that the favorite partisan presidential candidate among the people in their state would have a much better chance if all of the electors selected by their state were sure to vote the same waya "general ticket" of electors pledged to a party candidate. Thus without corrupting the body of the people, the immediate agents in the election will at least enter upon the task free from sinister bias. They have degenerated into mere agents, in a case which requires no agency, and where the agent must be useless[52]. The 20 states that Democrats have carried in each presidential election since at least 2008 will award 232 Electoral College votes in 2024; the 20 states Republicans have carried in at least the . Click the link below to learn about that race. These certificates are opened during a joint session of Congress, held on January 6[93] unless another date is specified by law, and read aloud by the incumbent vice president, acting in his capacity as president of the Senate. 2024 Electoral College Instructions and Guidance for State Officials and Points of Contact Before this year's election, OFR's Legal Staff will contact your Secretary of State's . I prefer to allow the Congress to proceed with its work without the interruption of a new proposal. What The Founders Feared About Impeachment", "Hamilton pushed for impeachment powers. 3.. Supporters argue that it requires presidential candidates to have broad appeal across the country in order to win, while critics argue that it is not representative of the popular will of the nation when viewed without regard to the states. Relevant portions of the certificate of vote are read for each state, in alphabetical order. [211] However, minorities are disproportionately located in noncompetitive states, reducing their impact on the overall election. Researchers have variously attempted to measure which states' voters have the greatest impact in such an indirect election. Electors shall be 50% women and 50% shall be men. A majority of the state legislatures selected presidential electors in both 1792 (9 of 15) and 1800 (10 of 16), and half of them did so in 1812. The emergence of political parties and nationally coordinated election campaigns soon complicated matters in the elections of 1796 and 1800. The second volume of the Senate Intelligence Committee report notes that the active measures social media campaign also attempted to influence voters to vote for, Other platforms the reports identified as being used for Russian active measures on social media included, While the second volume of the Senate Intelligence Committee report cites a 2016 study published by the, The Intelligence and Security Committee report also notes that open source studies have concluded that Russian interference occurred in the, The first volume of the Special Counsel investigation report notes that multiple witnesses, The first volume of the Special Counsel investigation report and the fifth volume of the Senate Intelligence Committee report detailed Roger Stone's contacts with WikiLeaks and Paul Manafort's contacts with Konstantin Kilimnik. Of 918 elections for governor between 1948 and 2009, for example, more than 90% were won by candidates securing more than 50% of the vote, and none have been won with less than 35% of the vote.[215]. Indeed George Washington's Farewell Address in 1796 included an urgent appeal to avert such parties. Elections Code section 7578 In the Peace and Freedom Party electors are nominated at their state convention. Fail Safes: [12], In 48 of the 50 states, state laws mandate that the winner of the plurality of the statewide popular vote receive all of that state's electoral votes. [155] Advocates of the method believe the system encourages higher voter turnout or incentivizes candidates, to visit and appeal to some states deemed safe, overall, for one party. As a result each of Wyoming's three electoral votes corresponds to 177,556 people. Proponents of these proposals argued that the electoral college system does not provide for direct democratic election, affords less-populous states an advantage, and allows a candidate to win the presidency without winning the most votes. Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 of the Constitution requires each state legislature to determine how electors for the state are to be chosen, but it disqualifies any person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, from being an elector. The popularity of the Electoral College has hovered between 35% and 44%. Describing how the Electoral College was designed to work, Alexander Hamilton wrote, "A small number of persons, selected by their fellow-citizens from the general mass, will be most likely to possess the information and discernment requisite to such complicated investigations [decisions regarding the selection of a president]." The upcoming Census will calculate the population of the United States as of April 1, 2020. [65] Maryland was the only state using a district plan, and from 1836 district plans fell out of use until the 20th century, though Michigan used a district plan for 1892 only. [226][227][228][i], Ratified in 1804, the 12th Amendment requires presidential electors to meet and cast their ballots for President and Vice President within their respective states, to create signed and certified lists of their state's electoral vote counts, and to transmit the certificates to the President of the Senate, and then, in a joint session of Congress, the President of the Senate is required to open all of the certificates and the certificates are required to be counted. Neither of these situations has ever arisen. The seats that the South gained from such "slave bonus" were quite evenly distributed between the parties. Donald Trump - Republican (Red): 232, Donald Trump - Republican (Red): 306 [249] In July 2019, the U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee released the first volume of its report on Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election which detailed the Committee's findings on Russian interference against U.S. elections infrastructure. [h][218][219] A situation in which the winning candidate died has never happened. Therefore, a contender must receive a minimum of two hundred and seventy votes to win. An argument by critics for eliminating the Electoral College is Donald Trump's attempt to overturn the 2020 election results in swing states. By contrast, a well-designed direct election system could spur states to get out the vote. The Three US States with the Most Electoral Votes California has the most electoral seats of any US state, with a total of 55, while Texas ranks second with 38 seats. As with congressional districts, moreover, this method is vulnerable to gerrymandering. [90][91], Article II, Section 1, Clause 2, disqualifies all elected and appointed federal officials from being electors. In a 2020 opinion of the U.S. Supreme Court, the Court additionally cited John Jay's view that the electors' choices would reflect discretion and discernment.[51] [299] Debate on the proposal before the full House of Representatives ended on September 11, 1969[300] and was eventually passed with bipartisan support on September 18, 1969, by a vote of 339 to 70. This page provides an overview of the number of electoral votes per state in the 2024 presidential election. Electoral College Information :: California Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton. [13] The results are sent to and counted by the Congress, where they are tabulated in the first week of January before a joint meeting of the Senate and the House of Representatives, presided over by the current vice president, as president of the Senate. If no candidate receives a majority in the election for president or vice president, the election is determined via a contingency procedure established by the Twelfth Amendment. Virginia's 7th Congressional District election, 2022. Use the buttons below the map to share your forecast or embed it into a web page. 2022 Wave elections; 2022 Congressional margins of victory; 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report; State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022; Opponents of the Electoral College claim such outcomes do not logically follow the normative concept of how a democratic system should function. Excluding South Carolina, legislative appointment was used in only four situations after 1832: Legislative appointment was brandished as a possibility in the 2000 election. [30] Delegates from states with smaller populations or limited land area, such as Connecticut, New Jersey, and Maryland, generally favored the Electoral College with some consideration for states. 270toWin - 2024 Presidential Election Interactive Map For a more detailed account of this proposal read. In 1800, the Democratic-Republican Party again nominated Jefferson for president and also again nominated Aaron Burr for vice president. This may result in greater proportionality. It will take 270 electoral votes to win the 2024 presidential election. [258] While the Committee concluded that Russian cyber activities demand renewed attention to vulnerabilities in elections infrastructure, the Committee also recommended that states remain firmly at the forefront of elections administration and that the federal government should ensure that states receive the necessary resources and information related to cybersecurity threats (while a minority of the Committee members provided additional views that dissented from some of the recommendations of the first volume of the report). They are not left to the exercise of their own judgment: on the contrary, they give their vote, or bind themselves to give it, according to the will of their constituents. [29], The Convention approved the committee's Electoral College proposal, with minor modifications, on September 6, 1787. Committee member Gouverneur Morris explained the reasons for the change; among others, there were fears of "intrigue" if the president were chosen by a small group of men who met together regularly, as well as concerns for the independence of the president if he were elected by Congress.[26]. (In that election, Andrew Jackson lost in spite of having plurality of the popular vote and the number of electoral votes representing them[147] because six state legislatures chose electors that overturned their voters' support.) By not permitting members of Congress or any other officer of the United States to serve as electors, Hamilton argued that the Constitutional Convention had also safeguarded the election of the President from anyone "who from situation might be suspected of too great devotion to the President in office. [18][19][20] The additional three electors come from the Twenty-third Amendment, ratified in 1961, providing that the district established pursuant to Article I, Section 8, Clause 17 as the seat of the federal government (namely, Washington, D.C.) is entitled to the same number of electors as the least populous state. . [301], On September 30, 1969, President Nixon gave his endorsement for adoption of the proposal, encouraging the Senate to pass its version of the proposal, which had been sponsored as Senate Joint Resolution1 by Senator Birch Bayh (DIndiana). "[45], In spite of Hamilton's assertion that electors were to be chosen by mass election, initially, state legislatures chose the electors in most of the states. 2024 United States presidential election - Wikipedia In the event, the first (i.e. Voters elected 11 candidates to serve in the U.S. House, one from each of the state's 11 U.S. House districts. Texas has the second most electoral votes with 40.