First Ring Road Bridge (Moneeb Crossing), Moorehead, Alan, "The White Nile" (Hamish Hamilton, 1960; revised and illustrated edition, 1971). The first use of the Nile for irrigation in Egypt began when seeds were sown in the mud left after its annual floodwaters had subsided. The drainage basin of the Nile covers 3,254,555 square kilometers (1,256,591sqmi), about 10% of the area of Africa. The Egyptian calendar was divided into three stages based on the yearly flood cycle: Akhet, the first season of the year, which covered the flooding period between June and September; Peret, the growing and sowing time from October to mid-February; and Shemu, the time of harvesting between mid-February and the end of May. "Lower countries (Egypt and Sudan) rely on some old treaty that they signed with Britain decades ago to impose unrealistic water use conditions to the upper countries," said Awange. The grasslands of this part of Africa changed to vast arid lands because of climatic and geological. [10], In 1951, American John Goddard together with two French explorers became the first to successfully navigate the entire Nile from its source in Burundi at the potential headsprings of the Kagera River in Burundi to its mouth on the Mediterranean Sea, a journey of approximately 6,800km (4,200mi). Florida waters now 'bona fide bathtub conditions' as heat dome engulfs state, Indian Ocean gravity hole was caused by extinct ancient sea, scientists say, Chile's Atacama Desert is the sunniest spot on Earth, catching as many rays as Venus. Below is the article summary. Believing he had found the source of the Nile on seeing this "vast expanse of open water" for the first time, Speke named the lake after Queen Victoria. . In harsh and arid seasons and droughts, the Blue Nile dries out completely.[46]. The White Nile flows into South Sudan just south of Nimule, where it is known as the Bahr al Jabal ("Mountain River"[35]). [88] Although they descended whitewater manually, the team used outboard motors for much of their journey. The Nile River also flows north through these African countries: Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan, Burundi, and finally Egypt. The Nile River is 2.8 km (1.7 mi) wide. Over 600 models were run. The Atbarah overflowed its closed basin during the wet periods that occurred about 100,000 to 120,000 years ago. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region. Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopias History-Changing Dam. These basins were not interconnected until their subsidence ceased, and the rate of sediment deposition was enough to fill and connect them. It could be found that the Amazon River is actually longer. In Coptic, the word , pronounced piaro (Sahidic) or phiaro (Bohairic), means "the river" (lit. The Nile River is the waterway that links the countries of the Nile Basin that covers 11 African countries: " Uganda, Eritrea, Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Burundi, Kenya, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt ". This part of the river is a regular tourist route, with cruise ships and traditional wooden sailing boats known as feluccas. The east was thought of as a place of birth and growth, and the west was considered the place of death, as the god Ra, the Sun, underwent birth, death, and resurrection each day as he crossed the sky. February 5, 2015 What is the world's widest river? The river enters a delta region in North Cairo, where it splits into two distributaries, Rosetta on the west and Damietta on the east. The Nile floods during summer because of the high tropical rains in Ethiopia. The average flow of the White Nile at Lake Kawaki Malakal, just below the Sobat River, is 924m3/s (32,600cuft/s); the peak flow is approximately 1,218m3/s (43,000cuft/s) in October and minimum flow is about 609m3/s (21,500cuft/s) in April. [9] In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt, Sudan and South Sudan. The following bridges cross the Blue Nile and connect Khartoum to Khartoum North: The following bridges cross the White Nile and connect Khartoum to Omdurman: The following bridges cross from Omdurman: to Khartoum North: The following bridges cross to Tuti from Khartoum state's three cities. When you search online to learn how long the Nile River is, you'll find many different numbers, ranging from 3400 miles (5499km) to 4400 miles (6695km). 2 Did the Nile river provide Red Land? The Nile is the longest river in the world. The White Nile emerges from Lake Victoria, in Jinja, Uganda, as the Victoria Nile and flows through Lake Kyoga and Lake Albert. 4 How many miles wide is Egypt? The river has a maximum width of 2.8 kilometers and an average depth of 8-11 meters. The Nile Basin Initiative promotes a peaceful cooperation among those states. In Biblical Hebrew, it is .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}, Ha-Ye'or or , Ha-Shior. The word " Nile " was derived from two words, " Neilos " a Greek word means Valley, and the Latin word " Nilus ". As a result of this, the Blue Nile was known as far as its exit from the Ethiopian foothills and the White Nile as far as the mouth of the Sobat River. The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), an intergovernmental partnership among all the Basin States, was formed in 1999. Allan, for the Ministry of Hydro-power of Sudan, during 195557[79][80][81] Morrice was their hydrological adviser, and Allan his predecessor. At the coast the delta is about 250 km wide, from Alexandria in the west to Port Said in the east. The White Nile begins at Lake Victoria, Africa's largest lake, which touches the countries of Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. This fearsome predator has a reputation as a man eater and rightly so. Still, experts do not agree which tributary of the Kagera is the longest and therefore the most distant source of the Nile. The water god Khnum, who ruled over all forms of water, even the lakes and rivers in the underworld, was believed to be in charge of the amount of silt that flooded the river banks every year. [15] In Nobiin the river is called man Daw, meaning "the great water". The reptiles include Nile crocodile, soft-shelled turtle, monitor lizards, and several snakes. " , Although the ancestral Sahara Desert initially developed at least 7 million years ago, it grew during interglacial periods and shrank during glacial ones. From Lake Victoria it flows, as the Victoria Nile, into Lake Albert, from which it emerges as the Albert Nile. While the White Nile contributes more during the drier season than the Blue Nile, the Blue Nile's discharge can drop to a low of 4626 cubic feet per second in the drier season. Egyptian civilization and Sudanese kingdoms have depended on the river and its annual flooding since ancient times. It has a length of about 4,132 miles (6,650 kilometres) and drains an area estimated at 1,293,000 square miles (3,349,000 square kilometres). For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Modern exploration of the Nile basin began with the conquest of the northern and central Sudan by the Ottoman viceroy of Egypt, Muhammad Ali, and his sons from 1821 onward. It rises south of the Equator and flows northward through northeastern Africa to drain into the Mediterranean Sea. However, the silt and sediment that used to flow north, enriching the soil and building the delta, is now building up behind the dam instead. Learn more about the Nile River, including its hydrology and its plant and animal life, in this article. Different plant zones exist along the Nile River, including tropical forests near the Nile-Congo divide. [2] From north to south the delta is approximately 160 km (100 mi) in length. She is constantly brainstorming how to turn age-old topics into new and exciting stories. The Nile is also featured in a number of Egyptian myths. From space, the contrast between the Nile's lush green river banks and the barren desert through which it flows is obvious. In the Odyssey, the epic poem written by the Greek poet Homer (7th century bce), Aigyptos is the name of the Nile (masculine) as well as the country of Egypt (feminine) through which it flows. The Nile was not only the source of life for the ancient Egyptians, but is still so today for the millions of people living along its banks. The Nile is, with the Rhne and Po, one of the three Mediterranean rivers with the largest water discharge. The floods begin around April in South Sudan, with the Aswan feeling the effect in July. Salama suggests that during the Paleogene and Neogene Periods (66million to 2.588million years ago) a series of separate closed continental basins each occupied one of the major parts of the Sudanese Rift System: Mellut rift, White Nile rift, Blue Nile rift, Atbara rift and Sag El Naam rift. The Nile River empties into the Mediterranean Sea in northern Egypt. The White Nile Rift system, although shallower than the Bahr el Arab rift, is about 9 kilometers (5.6mi) deep. One is that the integrated drainage of the Nile is of young age and that the Nile basin was formerly broken into series of separate basins, only the most northerly of which fed a river following the present course of the Nile in Egypt and Sudan. Corrections? The Nile River basin, which covers about one-tenth of the area of the continent, served as the stage for the evolution and decay of advanced civilizations in the ancient world. It flows through the territory of ten countries and ends up in the Mediterranean, in the so-called Nile delta. It flows through the following countries: Kenya, Eritrea, Congo, Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia. This branch was highest during the African Humid Period.[53][54]. The Nile is composed of two tributaries: the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The banks of the Nile all along its vast length contain rich soil as well, thanks to annual flooding that deposits silt. [19] Thus, the name may derive from Ancient Egyptian expression n rw-w(t) (lit. Today, some residents ofEl Qhira (Cairo)have begun using private speed boats, water taxis, or ferries to avoid crowded streets. The wide ethnic and linguistic diversity is mirrored in the numerous ecological relationships between these peoples and the river. The northern trade winds, prevailing over the basin from October to May, cause the arid climate experienced in most parts of the basin.
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