Acetyl-L-Carnitine: 600-2,500 mg per day. On the other hand, similar intervention in combination with controlled hyperinsulinemia (~150mIU/L) elevates TC in skeletal muscle by ~15% [24, 25]. Plus, there are some downsides to consider. In fact, administration of acetyl-L-carnitine 3g/day for 5months in HIV-seropositive patients induced ten-fold increase in serum IGF-1 concentration [36]. Rondanelli M, Solerte SB, Fioravanti M, Scevola D, Locatelli M, Minoli L, Ferrari E. Circadian secretory pattern of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor type I, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin during HIV infection. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020255. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.05-4985fje. 1984;23(26):64226. Dosage - How much L-carnitine should you take? What to Know and How to Quit. volume17, Articlenumber:49 (2020) It is used to increase muscle mass, boost strength, and enhance exercise performance. Studies in isolated rat muscle. Rafraf M, Karimi M, Jafari A. Guarana (akaGuaranine): Guarana is a bean from South America that contains roughly twice as much caffeine as coffee beans. can of Monster Energy to better understanding how it works in terms of providing an energy boost. [91] analyzing European Medicine Agency database of suspected adverse drug reaction, noticed 143 cases regarding LC. Since plasma LC elevates following 2 weeks of supplementation [21, 22], short protocols of supplementation may be considered as effective in attenuating post-exercise muscle soreness. Cite this article. 1999;37(5):51520. Living with water stress: evolution of osmolyte systems. In subjects below 70years presarcopenia, but not sarcopenia symptoms were noted [46]. J Exp Zool. These carefully conducted studies clearly showed that prolonged procedure (for 12weeks) of a daily LC and CHO ingestion induced a raise of skeletal muscle TC levels [5,6,7], affecting exercise metabolism [5], improving performance [5] and energy expenditure [6], without altering body composition [6]. In the brain it acts as an excitatory neuromodulator, which essentially means that it facilitates greater availability of dopamine. Reign Caffeine and Ingredients (Analyzed). Muscle carnitine content was not affected following 12 weeks of LC supplementation alone [11, 12]. With its potent blend of caffeine and essential minerals, Monster Energy Ultra provides an immediate and long-lasting boost. 2017;14:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-016-0158-y. The ingredients list on the can includes caffeine, ginseng, L-carnitine, B vitamins, and taurine. Stephens FB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Laithwaite D, Simpson EJ, Greenhaff PL. Bielinska K, Radkowski M, Grochowska M, Perlejewski K, Huc T, Jaworska K, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Ufnal M. High salt intake increases plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentration and produces gut dysbiosis in rats. Circ Res. Monster contains 28 grams of sugar per 8.4-ounce (248-ml) can, which is comparable to Red Bull. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(93)90093-y. Nat Med. The term "energy drinks" refers to non-alcoholic beverages that claim to improve athletic performance, concentration, reaction time, and increase basal metabolism through the addition of ingredients such as caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, B vitamins, and herbal supplements such as ginseng and guarana (1). A 16 fl oz can of Gridlock Energy has 140 milligrams of caffeine, and 200 calories, the drink does not list any specific flavor, but it is described as having a generic energy drink taste, similar to a combination of Mountain Dew and cough medicine . Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):13781. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13739-9. 2010;59(8):11909. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. That being said, the best option is to limit yourself to one can of Monster Energy per day to prevent yourself from gaining extra calories. Moreover, LC administrated for 2 weeks suppresses atrogin-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) level in suspended rats hindlimb [35], and only 7 days of LC administration downregulates MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 mRNAs reducing muscle wasting in a rat model of cancer cachexia [32]. Eligibility criteria included studies on healthy human subjects, treated for at least 12weeks with LC administered orally, with no drugs or any other multi-ingredient supplements co-ingestion. CAS The initial search retrieved 1024 articles, and a total of 11 studies were finally included after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. TMAO was shown as widely distributed in sea animals [74], with concentration in the tissue increasing proportionally to the depth of the fishes natural environment [75]. Eur J Nutr. On the contrary, Excessive caffeine can lead to a variety of health issues, including: So, regardless of your caffeine tolerance, you should drink Monster Energy in moderation to prevent all sorts of potential health risks. I dont think Monster Energy is dangerous for you if you drink it only once in a while and live a healthy lifestyle. Moreover, despite elevated TMAO, LC supplementation together with resistance training induced positive changes in mitochondrial DNA methylation of platelets [18]. Apart from the energy-boosting components, some other chemicals are added to energy drinks like Monster Energy to increase their shelf life or durability. Energy drinks, such as Red Bull and Monster, have certain drawbacks that should be carefully considered before you decide to drink them regularly. This applies if you take straight-up L-carnitine, L-carnitine L-tartrate, or propionyl-L-carnitine. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1983.63.4.1420. Studies suggest varying doses for each form of L-carnitine for best results, the following is deemed optimal for each form of carnitine:5. The activation of mTOR leads to phosphorylation and activation of S6 kinases (S6Ks) and hyperphosphorylation of 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs), resulting in the acceleration of protein synthesis. Google Scholar. The prevalence of sarcopenia increased steeply with age, reaching 31.6% in women and 17.4% in men older than 80years [46]. Flowchart on the search and selection of articles included in the review. Propionyl-L-Carnitine: 1,000-4,000 mg per day. Nutrition. Caffeine in moderation provides you with many benefits, including greater alertness, cognitive efficiency, and improved physical performance. Eur Heart J. PubMed All these findings together might suggest that LC supplementation protect muscle from atrophy, especially in pathophysiological conditions. Monster Energy contains 200 percent of the daily dose of B-Vitamins. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 17, 49 (2020). Elevated protein synthesis and attenuated proteolysis are observed during muscle hypertrophy. Int J Mol Sci. In the clearance of damaged tissues assist free radicals produced by neutrophils. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01011.2006. Biochim Biophys Acta. oz. Such effect was not observed in elder women (age range 6570 y.o.) Article Serum Total Carnitine (mol/L) Neonate. According to the Red Bull website, a classic 8.4-ounce (248-ml) can of Red Bull contains 27 grams of sugar. The FDA considers sucralose to be safe for consumption. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6363(01)00313-3. You might be familiar with Red Bull and Monster as energy drinks. L-Carnitine is an endogenous molecule involved in fatty acid metabolism, biosynthesized within the human body using amino acids: L-lysine and L-methionine, as substrates. Researchers say some dietary supplements and vitamins can cause health issues for younger people. Endurance exercise training and L-carnitine supplementation stimulates gene expression in the blood and muscle cells in young athletes and middle aged subjects. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2016.11.012. Studies conducted on animals have revealed that artificial sweeteners also pose serious health hazards, such as an increased risk of cancer and birth problems. Indeed, many original investigations, summarized in later review [4], indicated that LC supplementation lasting up to 4weeks, neither increase fat oxidation nor improve performance during prolonged exercises. Overconsumption of sugar will inevitably result in a sugar crash along with a variety of adverse effects. Summarizing the risk associated with LC supplementation Hathcock and Shao [89] indicated that intakes up to 2g/day are safe for chronic supplementation. Trimethylamine N-oxide and prognosis in acute heart failure. Table1 provides details and results of the 11 studies reviewed. This effect was accompanied by a significant reduction in released cytosolic proteins such as myoglobin and creatine kinase [50, 52, 53] as well as attenuation in plasma marker of oxidative stress - malondialdehyde [51, 53, 54]. Stimulants: Caffeine Panax Ginseng Root Extract Taurine Guarana Seed Extract The reason we consume energy drinks is for the fast stimulation they give us. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(19971101)279:4<386::Aid-jez8>3.0.Co;2-k. Yancey PH, Gerringer ME, Drazen JC, Rowden AA, Jamieson A. A Pilot Study on Aging Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function. L-Carnitine supplementation increases Trimethylamine-N-oxide but not markers of atherosclerosis in healthy aged women. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Nutritional supplement use by Dutch elite and sub-elite athletes: does receiving dietary counseling make a difference? https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2013.255364. If you like Monster Energy Drink, you might also enjoy the following brands: Overall, Monster Energy is one of the best energy drink brands, and I personally find it quite efficient at providing a nice quick boost to get through the day. It plays a role in the production of energy by transporting fatty acids to cells. This assumption has been confirmed in later studies [5,6,7]. The effects of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance exercise and recovery. Consuming food and beverages that contain a high amount of calories can lead to obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. For reference, heres a table that shows the preservatives found in Monster and their functions. If youre aiming for weight loss, its generally recommended to opt for healthier beverage choices such as water, herbal tea, or unsweetened coffee. How Many Monster Energy Can I Drink in a Day? Di Marzio L, Moretti S, D'Alo S, Zazzeroni F, Marcellini S, Smacchia C, Alesse E, Cifone MG, De Simone C. Acetyl-L-carnitine administration increases insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects: correlation with its suppressive effect on lymphocyte apoptosis and ceramide generation. Part of Google Scholar. So, it is best to keep Monster Energy consumption to a reasonable level to avoid any negative effects due to guarana extract. Sports Med. Its important to note that regular consumption of energy drinks or soda is generally not recommended for maintaining a healthy diet. Numerous later studies have shown the association between increased plasma TMAO levels with a higher risk of cardiovascular events [63,64,65,66]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00377-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00377-2. Gruppen EG, Garcia E, Connelly MA, Jeyarajah EJ, Otvos JD, Bakker SJL, Dullaart RPF. Up to 400 mg of caffeine per day is generally safe. 2020;151:104554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104554. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31817d48d9. After the first selection, adjusted by duplicates, persisted 1024 articles. ), and all disagreements were resolved by the discussion with the third author (R.O). Eur J Nutr. Surprisingly, intervention longer than 24weeks showed no significant effect on BMI [40]. Some people, however, may not have enough carnitine because their bodies cannot . The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Baltazar-Martins G, Brito de Souza D, Aguilar-Navarro M, Munoz-Guerra J, MDM P, Del Coso J. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. L-Carnitine:L-Carnitine is a naturallyoccurringamino acid that affects metabolism and energy levels. Barnett C, Costill DL, Vukovich MD, Cole KJ, Goodpaster BH, Trappe SW, Fink WJ. Yancey PH, Clark ME, Hand SC, Bowlus RD, Somero GN. Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) pathway contributes to both development of renal insufficiency and mortality risk in chronic kidney disease. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201343. Volek JS, Kraemer WJ, Rubin MR, Gomez AL, Ratamess NA, Gaynor P. L-Carnitine L-tartrate supplementation favorably affects markers of recovery from exercise stress. Risk assessment for carnitine. For optimal health, energy drinks should be strictly limited in your diet. Still, drinking more than four, 8-ounce (240-ml) servings of energy drinks per day or two, 16-ounce (480-ml) cans of Monster may cause negative effects due to excess caffeine, such as headache or insomnia (9, 10). Theres no obvious reason why this ingredient should be in energy drinks, other than Red Bull making it famous as part of their marketing campaign a few years ago and other brands followed suit. Monster Energy is heavily stuffed with 54 grams sugar per 16 fl. Go to: Continuing Education Activity Carnitine deficiency is a condition characterized by low carnitine levels in the body. 1984;73(3):85767. Lango R, Smolenski RT, Narkiewicz M, Suchorzewska J, Lysiak-Szydlowska W. Influence of L-carnitine and its derivatives on myocardial metabolism and function in ischemic heart disease and during cardiopulmonary bypass. Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, French DN, Rubin MR, Sharman MJ, Gomez AL, Ratamess NA, Newton RU, Jemiolo B, Craig BW, et al. However, either with aerobic [41, 42] or resistance [43] training, LC supplementation has not achieved successful endpoint. 2000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice. Your US state privacy rights, Since diets high in red meat have been strongly related to heart disease and mortality [62], LC has been proposed as the red meat nutrient responsible for atherosclerosis promotion [8]. Clin Physiol. J Appl Physiol (1985). These findings implied that LC supplementation was not able to increase fat oxidation and improve exercise performance by the proposed mechanism. Twenty-four-weeks of LC supplementation alone did not affect muscle strength in healthy aged women [15], but significantly increased muscle mass, improved physical effort tolerance and cognitive function in centenarians [14]. Aged people have accelerated protein catabolism, which is associated with muscle wasting [45]. Lets take a look at what goes into a 16 fl. 1998;25(4):24157. 1994;341(1):913. Nevertheless, LC is still used by elite [9] and sub-elite [10] athletes. Nevertheless, the belief that carnitine is a slimming agent has been negated in the middle of 90s [20]. For reference, a 16 fl.oz. Exceeding the sugar limit and consuming sugary beverages long-term can lead to health issues like: Additionally, if you consume numerous cans of Monster in one session, you are more likely to have a severe sugar crash, which will leave you feeling heavy and tired. Fukami K, Yamagishi S, Sakai K, Kaida Y, Yokoro M, Ueda S, Wada Y, Takeuchi M, Shimizu M, Yamazaki H, et al. Stephens FB, Wall BT, Marimuthu K, Shannon CE, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Macdonald IA, Greenhaff PL. Wang Z, Klipfell E, Bennett BJ, Koeth R, Levison BS, Dugar B, Feldstein AE, Britt EB, Fu X, Chung YM, et al. Theyre similar in their nutrient contents but also have some slight differences. 2011;55(3):41929. Monster ingredients are not listed on the official website, aside from the caffeine content. Energy drinks are full of sugar, and excessive energy drink consumption may lead to problems from excessive caffeine intake. The USDA Branded Food Product Database lists the ingredients as follows: Video of the Day Carbonated Water: Water that has been infused with carbon dioxide gas. 1982;217(4566):121422. 2017;98:357. In 2011 Wang et al. Med Hypotheses. Groundbreaking Study with Humans - 2011. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.4.3.280. . Commercially marketed supplements for bodybuilding athletes. L-Carnitine can also be found in many foods, but red meats, such as beef and lamb, are the best choices for adding carnitine into Consequently, fish and seafood nutritional intake has a great impact on TMAO level in the human body [76], significantly elevating also plasma TMAO concentration [72]. 2017;105(3):6008. 2006;46(1):238. Its not in Monster but is in 5-Hour Energy. 2014;111(12):44615. Not dangerous; possibly useful for boosting energy. Some research suggests that it helps relieve stress under high-stress conditions (such as loss of a loved one, divorce, job loss, etc). The recent meta-analyses indicated that in patients with high TMAO plasma level, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events was significantly higher compared with patients with low TMAO levels [67], and that all-cause mortality increased by 7.6% per each 10mol/L increment of TMAO [68]. The process of selecting papers, data collection as well as the quality assessment was performed independently by two authors (A.S., G.R. Recent studies suggest that LC supplementation may elevate muscle TC content; therefore, modify muscle fuel metabolism and performance during the exercise. It is also suited for those with a pretty low level of caffeine tolerance. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep4.1309. It has been assumed that LC supplementation, by increasing muscle carnitine content, optimizes fat oxidation and consequently reduces its availability for storage [19]. Ho JY, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, Fragala MS, Thomas GA, Dunn-Lewis C, Coday M, Hakkinen K, Maresh CM. Carnitine supplementation: effect on muscle carnitine and glycogen content during exercise. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. Bain MA, Faull R, Fornasini G, Milne RW, Evans AM. 1994;26(9):11229. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1738. Red Bull and Monster are two of the best-known energy drink brands.
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